The basics of surveyingSyllabus

Subject code

İF-36114y

Credits

5

Student workload

150

Semester

Spring semester

Academic year

2025-2026

Subject type

Mandatory

Form of education

Full-time

Language of instruction

Azerbaijani

In-class hours

a) 30 saat - mühazirə b) 15 saat - məşğələ

Out-of-class hours

a) 63 saat - sərbəst iş b) 42 saat - hazırlıq

The subject teaches the scientific basis of making geometric measurements, coordinates and mine plans in the mining industry. direction of underground excavations, displacement of rocks and geometric calculations of protective structures are carried out here. the course also teaches the importance of marker monitoring to ensure mining safety.

• lecture
• interactive discussion
• seminar
• presentations

1. 1

   CLO 1: At the end of this subject, the student learns the basics of geodetic and markshader measurement works carried out in the mining industry. the student is able to correctly direct mining excavations, methods of transferring underground and surface coordinates to each other, as well as drawing up topographic plans of mines and quarries. the course includes the observation of the rock displacement process and the geometric calculations of protective structures (safety columns). the student learns to monitor the production volume and work safety during operation. in doing so, the student acquires the geometric control and measurement techniques essential for the safe and accurate execution of mining operations.

1. 1.
   Introduction. markshader measurements and shots.Lecture

   The subject of the subject, the role of surveying science in the mining industry. general information on surveying and the main engineering issues that are solved in mountain drilling on a marker plan.

2. 2.
   Markshader service and its role in careers.Lecture

   The purpose of marker work during open pit mining. grounding of the geometric condition of mineral deposits and surveyor control at the stages of field exploitation.

3. 3.
   Description of the geometric parameters of the beds.Lecture

   Contouring of the bed, determination of the volume and thickness of the ore mass. graphical and analytical reporting of mineral quantities by isochets (isopaxite).

4. 4.
   Preparation and opening of beds for operation.Lecture

   Determining the location and volume of opening drillings. placement of trenches and frost pipes. the role of the surveyor in directing the drilling and blasting works.

5. 5.
   Location of rocks and protective units.Lecture

   The process of displacement (deformation) of rocks due to mining. design of protective structures (safety columns) for the protection of above-ground and underground facilities.

6. 6.
   Markshader shots in vertical barrels.Lecture

   Transferring coordinates from the surface to underground areas (vertical connecting shots). altitude transfer through long tape and construction of underground plan network.

7. 7.
   Construction of support and shooting nets.Lecture

   Selection and measurement of permanent support points in the mining area. mathematical processing of field observations and shooting results.

8. 8.
   Direction in mining.Lecture

   Orientation in horizontal and inclined drilling. calculation of intersection points of drills and marker work during counter drilling.

9. 9.
   Design and orientation of blast wells.Lecture

   Orientation of deep wells, boring and breaking wells. markshader control measurements in underground drilling-blasting works.

10. 10.
    Operational planning of mining works.Lecture

    Development of current plans of mining works. application of vertical and horizontal cuts and provision of a marker shader in the processing of ash deposits by the open-pit method.

11. 11.
    Markshader works in the operational phase.Lecture

    Continuous marker shader provision during the stage of bed preparation and operation. markshader control of the amount of production and technological mode.

12. 12.
    Reclamation of disturbed lands.Lecture

    Markshader works during the restoration (recultivation) of disturbed land areas in the mining industry. control of landscape reshaping.

13. 13.
    Mathematical processing of mining measurements (cameral works).Lecture

    Processing of outdoor measurements using computer programs. automated drawing of plans and sections.

14. 14.
    Modern technologies: GPS and laser scanners.Lecture

    The use of GNSS (gps) and terrestrial laser scanners (tls) in the mining industry. 3d modeling of mine sites.

15. 15.
    Conclusion: safety and documentation in the mining industry.Lecture

    Registration of mining survey documents (journals, plans). direct impact of markshader service on production safety.

1. Bahaeva s.p., processes of open pit mining, baku, 2019