AZTUProgrammes

Subject · Mining engineering

GeodeziyaTopics

İF-36107y4 creditsAutumn semesterMandatory2025-2026

Topic plan

The subject's topics and the learning outcomes attached to each one.

15 topics

  1. 1. Objectives and tasks of geodesy. earth's shape and dimensions

    Lecture

    An introduction to the science of geodesy, its importance in engineering and mapping. physical and geometric (ellipsoid, geoid) forms of the earth, their mathematical parameters.

  2. 2. Projection method, measurements and constructions applied in geodesy. study of the influence of the earth's curvature on vertical distances. gaussian projection

    Lecture

    Cartographic projection methods in cartography, especially gauss-krüger projection. mathematical effects of the spherical curvature of the earth on topographic measurements over large areas.

  3. 3. Coordinate systems used in geodesy. elevations of points on the earth's surface. studying the rectangular zonal coordinate system and its construction procedure

    Lecture

    Global (geographic) and local (rectangular) coordinate systems. absolute and relative heights. practical structure of rectangular zonal systems and their application on the map.

  4. 4. Improvement of lines in the area. azimuths, bearing angles and rhumbs. studying the marking of points on the ground and height coordinates

    Lecture

    Orientation of lines relative to true and magnetic meridians. study of mathematical dependencies between azimuths, direction angles and rhumbs. point marking outside.

  5. 5. Topographic plan and maps. scales. nomenclature of topographic maps and plans. types of planning. aspect angles. bussal, its structure and verification. structure and parts of a theodolite tachometer

    Lecture

    The difference between plan and map, numerical and linear scales. international nomenclature of map sheets. mechanical structure, checking of compass and theodolite-tachometer devices.

  6. 6. The relief of the earth's surface and its main forms. description of topographic plan and relief of maps with horizontals. study of division and nomenclature of topographic maps

    Lecture

    The main forms of relief (mountain, valley, depression, saddle). three-dimensional representation of the terrain on a 2d map using horizontals (isohypses) and finding the slope.

  7. 7. Theory of measurement errors. the root mean square error of a measurement. threshold and relative errors

    Lecture

    Random and systematic errors in geodetic measurements. rules for calculating mean squared, absolute and relative errors based on probability theory.

  8. 8. Angular measurements. classification of theodolites. horizontal circle. reporting system. problems solved on a horizontal map

    Lecture

    The method of measuring horizontal and vertical angles with a theodolite (eg: complete method). instrument reporting systems. solving tilt, view and engineering issues on maps.

  9. 9. Linear measurements. mechanical instruments for measuring the lengths of lines without means

    Lecture

    Methods of measuring distances directly (roulette, measuring tape). adjustments for temperature, tape tension and ground tilt included for accurate measurements.

  10. 10. Distance meters. light, radio, optical and thread rangefinders

    Lecture

    Indirect calculation of distances. physical working mechanisms of light wave, radio wave and optical-geometric (spindle tachometer) distance measuring devices.

  11. 11. Dual phantom optical rangefinders. measurement of large distances by radiogeodetic methods

    Lecture

    Double phantom optical devices operating with parallax triangle geometry. measurement of wide-based distances using special radiogeodetic systems (radar principle).

  12. 12. Geometric leveling. the effect of ground curvature and refraction on the results of geometric leveling. structure of leveling. methods of geometric leveling

    Lecture

    Determination of the difference in height between points with a horizontal beam line (level) (middle and forward leveling). effects of refraction (refraction of light) and curvature of the earth on measurements.

  13. 13. Inspection and adjustment of levels. conducting leveling works of class III and iv. technical leveling. leveling of surfaces

    Lecture

    Checking the main axes (vertical, horizontal) of the leveling tool. class iii/iv leveling requirements in densification of the state geodetic network. surface leveling by the method of squares.

  14. 14. Topographic plans. theodolite departures. aerophototopographic and phototheolid planning. studying the methods of measuring the area on the map.

    Lecture

    Terrain mapping: closed and open theodolite runs. principles of remote sensing (uavs, aerial photoplanning) and surveying with phototheodolites. determination of the area with a planimeter or palette.

  15. 15. Modern geodetic measurement technologies. basics of the GPS system. TPS electronic tachometers. study of geodetic executive documents

    Lecture

    Automated measurement technologies with global positioning systems (gps/gnss) and total station (electronic tachometer). geodetic execution (as-built) documents prepared after construction is completed.