İqtisadiyyatTopics

What is economics? the role of economy in social life. why study economics? subject of economic science and modern approaches to it. evolution of economic science. levels of the economy: micro and macroeconomics. differentiation of economic problems on micro and macro levels. economic thinking. how is economics studied? economic methodology. a positive and normative economic approach. research methods of economic processes: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. mathematical methods of analysis of economic processes. graphical representation of data. time series and bivariate graph. propensity factor.

The subject of economic theory, the nature of economic laws and categories, the study of economic events and processes

Economic system: content and general principles. types of economic system. property as an economic and legal category. forms of ownership and their realization

Market: essence, functions and structure. market laws and market mechanism. price formation mechanism and forms.

Microeconomics and its organizational forms. firm: content and forms of organization. production costs of the firm, production funds, depreciation. revenue and profit of the firm. forms of profit.

The economic essence, types and structure of production costs, factors affecting the formation of costs in the production process, the economic content of profit, types, formation mechanism

Free competition: content and forms. imperfectly competitive market. monopoly: its nature, causes and forms. antitrust regulatory measures.

Content and factors of production. work force and labor. labor market. capital and investments. capital market. agrarian relations and their characteristics. land ownership and its forms of economic realization. rent.

Macroeconomics: essence and main aspects. system of macroeconomic indicators. calculation methods (methods) of gross domestic product (gdp). nominal and real gdp. price index. national income (mg), its distribution and redistribution.

Reproduction, content and key aspects. proportions of reproduction. economic cycle and its phases. macroeconomic equilibrium. economic growth: essence, factors and types. labor resources and employment. unemployment and its forms.

Money and its forms. credit: essence, principles and forms. banks, their types and functions.

The necessity and functions of finance. financial system. state budget. budget deficit: causes and adjustment. nature, types and functions of taxes.

Income, its essence and main forms. nominal and real incomes. income inequality: causes and ways to reduce it. standard of living and its indicators

World economy: content and factors of its formation. international economic relations and its main forms. economic integration: essence and forms. economic globalization. international currency system.

The economic nature of the market, its functions, types and mechanism of action. the interaction of demand, supply and price. market relations. elements of the market infrastructure and its role in the economy