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Subject · Materials engineering

KristalloqrafiyaTopics

İF-3287y 4 creditsSpring semesterMandatory2025-2026

Topic plan

The subject's topics and the learning outcomes attached to each one.

14 topics

  1. 1. Crystalline substances. crystallization

    Lecture

    Study of the nature of crystalline substances, formation mechanisms and the physical basis of the crystallization process.

  2. 2. Anisotropy and symmetry of crystals.

    Lecture

    Analysis of dependence of physical properties on direction (anisotropy) and symmetry properties of crystal structure in crystalline environments.

  3. 3. Structure and space lattice of crystals

    Lecture

    Concepts of internal geometrical structure of ideal and real crystals, space lattice elements and junction points.

  4. 4. The law of constancy of angles in crystals. wolff-bragg formula.

    Lecture

    Explanation of steno's law (constancy of angles) and the wolff-bragg equation ($2d \sin \theta = n\lambda$) describing the diffraction of x-rays in crystals.

  5. 5. Weiss parameters and miller indices.

    Lecture

    Determination of the parameters of the axes (weiss) intersecting the crystallographic planes and their inverse miller indices, accepted as an international standard.

  6. 6. Law of whole numbers. law of brave.

    Lecture

    Howie's law of integers, which is one of the basic geometric laws of crystallography, and brave's law, which explains the probability of the development of faces.

  7. 7. They will be able to explain the patterns that show the relationship of crystal faces and tongues to their lattices (density).

    Lecture

    Methods of describing three-dimensional crystal forms on a two-dimensional plane, especially the principles of constructing a spherical projection.

  8. 8. Stereographic projection.

    Lecture

    Characteristics and application of the stereographic projection obtained by transferring the spherical projection to the equatorial plane (wulf grid).

  9. 9. Gnomostereographic projection. gnomonic projection.

    Lecture

    Geometric bases of gnomonic and gnomostereographic projections, their construction mechanisms and their role in reading radiographs.

  10. 10. Symmetry elements in crystal polyhedra.

    Lecture

    Basic symmetry elements characteristic of macroscopic crystals, including center of symmetry, axes of symmetry, and planes of symmetry.

  11. 11. Crystallographic categories and syngonies.

    Lecture

    Classification of 32 symmetry classes into 7 syngonies (triclinic, monoclinic, rhombic, trigonal, tetragonal, hexagonal, cubic) and 3 categories (low, medium, high).

  12. 12. Brave cages

    Lecture

    14 different types of spatial (brave) lattices that can exist in nature, their geometric parameters and types of centering.

  13. 13. Inverted cage

    Lecture

    A mathematical abstraction related to the plane space lattice - the concept of an inverse lattice, its vectors, and its use in explaining the diffraction pattern.

  14. 14. Basic methods of x-ray structural analysis.

    Lecture

    X-ray structural analysis, especially laue, spin and powder (debay-scherrer) methods, used to study the internal structure of crystals.