Fövqəladə hallarda kompleks müdafiənin..Topics

The topic of FH and their classification studies the concept of danger, its essence and different types. in this topic, the classification of hazards, dangerous situations, characteristics of emergency events (fh) and their causes are explained. the sources of fh, their division into natural, man-made and social types and classification principles are also investigated. this knowledge allows timely identification of threats and proper organization of emergency preparedness measures.

Man-made emergencies include dangerous events caused by human activity and disruption of technical systems. in this topic, the concepts of accident and disaster, the causes of man-made phenomena and their main characteristics are studied. the types, classification and sources of man-made emergencies are also explained. this knowledge is important for assessing technical risks and developing measures to prevent such incidents.

Emergency situations arising as a result of accidents at radiation-hazardous objects include dangerous situations related to the spread of radioactive substances and the effects of ionizing radiation. in this topic, the classification of radiation hazardous objects, the causes, types and stages of development of radiation accidents are studied. the concepts of radioactivity, activity, half-life, concentration of radioactive substances, ionizing rays, radiation dose and dose rate are also explained. the biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human body, radiation burns, radiation sickness and assessment of dangerous doses form the main parts of this topic.

Emergencies caused by NPP accidents include dangerous situations related to violations in nuclear power facilities and the release of radioactive substances into the environment. in this topic, the classification of NPP accidents, their causes, characteristics of radioactive poisoning zones and their main parameters are studied. it also explains the change of the radiation level over time, the calculation of possible radiation doses, the determination of the degree of poisoning of equipment, transport, food, water and personal protective equipment. continuity of production activity of facilities and organization of radiation protection regime of employees are the main directions of this topic.

The causes and investigation of NPP accidents are important for ensuring safety in nuclear energy facilities. in this topic, technical failures, human factors, management errors and external influences that cause accidents in npps are studied. methods of investigation of accidents, determination of causes and prevention of such cases in the future are also explained. these analyzes help improve safety systems and reduce risks at nuclear facilities.

Accidents in chemical hazardous facilities include emergency situations caused by the release of hazardous chemicals into the environment. in this topic, the characteristics of chemically dangerous objects, types and classification of chemical accidents are studied. it also explains the classification of chemically hazardous substances, their indicators of toxic effect on the human body, concentration, dose and toxodose. the detection, evaluation and determination of safety measures of chemical conditions during the spillage of KTM are investigated.

Accidents in chemical hazardous facilities are emergency situations that occur during the production, storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals. in this topic, the characteristics of chemically dangerous objects, the causes and consequences of accidents are studied. it also explains the measures taken for the spreading of chemical substances, the creation of poisoning zones and the protection of people. analysis of these events helps to prevent hazards and develop a proper action plan in case of an accident.

Accidents in explosion-fire hazardous facilities are emergency situations that can cause great destruction and serious danger to human life. in this topic, the concept of explosion, types of explosive compounds and mixtures, explosive combustion processes and their causes are studied. also explained are deflagration and detonation modes of combustion, viscosity limits, minimum ignition energy, stoichiometric mixtures, and the main damaging factors involved in detonation. fire parameters, heat radiation, classification of combustible substances, fire resistance of buildings and categories of objects according to fire hazard are the main directions of this topic.

Gas-air mixture (gam) explosions are dangerous events caused by the mixing of gases with air in a certain ratio and the influence of an ignition source. in this topic, the reasons for the occurrence of explosions, the main damaging factors and the characteristics of the explosion are studied. it also explains the explosion zones, calculation of their radii, impact zones of the air shock wave and determination of excess pressure indicators. the evaluation of the fallout zones caused by the explosion is important for the planning of safety measures.

The gas-air mixture explosion calculation is performed to assess the explosion hazard and predict the possible consequences. in this topic, the properties of gas-air mixture, determination of explosion zones and basic calculation indicators are studied. it also explains the effect of air shock wave, estimation of excess pressure and methods of calculating the level of debris caused by the explosion. these calculations are important for developing security measures and reducing risks.

Vapor-gas-air mixture (vga) explosions are dangerous events caused by the mixing of flammable vapors and gases with air in a certain ratio. in this topic, the conditions of formation of BQHQ mixtures, the characteristics of the explosion process and the main damaging factors are studied. it also explains the effects of open and closed WED explosions, fallout zones, radius of the detonation zone, and methods for calculating the overpressure of the air shock wave. these calculations are used for explosion hazard assessment and preparation of protective measures.