Alternative energy sourcesSyllabus

Subject code

İFS-4185y

Credits

5

Student workload

150

Semester

Autumn semester

Academic year

2025-2026

Subject type

Elective

Form of education

Full-time

Language of instruction

Azerbaijani

In-class hours

a) 30 saat mühazirə b) 15 saat seminar

Out-of-class hours

a) 42 saat MRTSİ b) 63 saat TSİ

This subject teaches the types of alternative and renewable energy sources, their working principles and areas of application. within the subject, the role of solar, wind, water, geothermal and bioenergy systems, energy efficiency, environmental benefits and alternative energy technologies in sustainable development is analyzed.

• interactive discussion
• seminar
• teamwork
• problem-based learning
• presentations
• case study
• lecture

1. 1

   CLO 1: It explains the types of alternative and renewable energy sources, working principles and application areas.

2. 2

   CLO 2: Analyzes the environmental impacts of alternative energy technologies.

3. 3

   CLO 3: Ftn 4 (texniki vəziyyətin proqnozlaşdırılması): eksperimental verilənlər və monitorinq sistemlərinin nəticələri əsasında avadanlıqların qalıq resursunu (rul — remaining useful life) hesablayır, aşınma və sıradan çıxma dinamikasını proqnozlaşdırır.

4. 4

   CLO 4: It applies technical, economic and ecological criteria in the selection of alternative energy sources.

5. 5

   CLO 5: It justifies the role of alternative energy systems in sustainable development and energy efficiency.

6. 6

   CLO 6: It offers alternative energy solutions focused on environmental protection.

1. 1.
   1. introduction. the subject of the subject. general information. the concept of energy.Lecture

   Energy reserves are inexhaustible. that energy reserve is collected in the sun's rays, wind, moving masses of various substances, underground heat sources, oceans, extracted gas, oil, coal, etc. another inexhaustible source of energy is in the nuclei of matter atoms. energy and its different types. mechanical, kinetic, potential energy. laws of thermodynamics

   • 2. analyzes the properties of mechanical, kinetic and potential energy, laws of transformation and basic laws of thermodynamics.
   • 1. explains the concept of energy, its main types and renewable and non-renewable energy sources that exist in nature.
2. 2.
   2. enerjiyə tələbatın artması. adi elektrik ötürücü xətlərinin işçi məsafələriLecture

   Mühüm problemlərdən biri də elektrik enerjisinin ötürülməsi və paylanmasıdır. “elektrik ötürücü xətt” deyəndə yerli yaxud paylayıcı elektrik şəbəkələrdən fərqli olaraq, daha böyük güclərin (onlarla, yüzlərlə meqavatt) çox böyük məsafələrə (50 km–dən 1000 km qədər və daha çox) ötürülməsi nəzərdə tutulur.

   • 1. it explains the reasons for the increase in energy demand and its impact on the development of energy systems.
   • 2. analyzes the principles of transmission and distribution of electric power, the designation of power transmission lines and the characteristics of working distances.
3. 3.
   3. atmosferin mühafizəsi. istixana effekti və ona qarşı tədbirlər.Lecture

   Turş yağışlar, smoq və fotokimyəvi duman i̇nsanın təsərrüfat fəaliyyətinin nəticəsində atmosferdə karbon qazının (co2), azot oksidlərinin (nox), karbohidrogenlərin (ch4), toz və rütubətinin miqdarı daima artır. qazların “parnik effektində” payı. yanacağın yandırılması. meşələrin məhv edilməsi.

   • 2. analyzes the impact of carbon dioxide (co₂), nitrogen oxides (noₓ), methane (ch₄) and other pollutants on the atmosphere and climate changes.
   • 1. explains the causes of atmospheric pollution, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, smog and photochemical fog formation mechanism.
4. 4.
   4. renewable energy sources. the structure of the future energy industry.Lecture

   Renewable energy sources. the structure of the future energy industry. increasingly expensive organic and inorganic fuels make people use other types of energy. at present, the issues of using solar and wind energy, energy of underground and thermal water, energy of flowing rivers, swells and withdrawals in seas and oceans, temperature change in seas due to changes in depth, fuel elements, etc. are becoming more relevant day by day. special converters that allow you to get electricity directly from solar energy, creating special wind power plants to get electricity using wind energy, doing many things to use inexhaustible hydro resources.

   • 2. analyzes the role of renewable energy technologies in the future energy system and their advantages compared to traditional energy sources.
   • 1. explains the characteristics and working principles of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, buoyancy-gravitational and other alternative sources).
5. 5.
   5. using wind energy. causes and indicators of wind formation.Lecture

   Assessment of the possibility of effective use of wind energy. absheron's wind mode. the wind regime of the mountains. durability of wind-electric installations. aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine blades. mechanical strength of low speed "slow shaft" wind turbines

   • 2. analyzes the potential of wind energy, including the wind regime of absheron and mountainous areas, evaluates the working characteristics of wind-electric installations.
   • 1. explains the causes of wind, its main indicators and the principles of using wind energy.
6. 6.
   6. types of wind turbines. environmental impact of wind turbines.Lecture

   A wind turbine with an inclined axis of rotation. a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation. use of wind turbine. wind energy utilization factor. kinetic energy of air flow. savonius' wind engine. darya's wind engine. . formation of breezes. monsoons. wind speed. forces generated by the rotation of the earth. wind strength and direction. environmental problems caused by wind power plants. biodiversity disruption.

   • 2. savonius and darrieus analyze the effect of wind turbines, kinetic energy of air flow, wind speed and direction on the efficiency of wind turbines.
   • 1. explains the types of wind turbines, their working principles and the process of converting wind energy into electricity.
7. 7.
   7. types of systems that accumulate wind energy.Lecture

   Wind as the most powerful energy source. development rate of wind energy and wind installations. technical and operational parameters of wind turbines. wind engines and installations.

   • 1. explains the types of wind energy storage systems, working principles and areas of application.
   • 2. analyzes the technical and operational parameters of wind turbines, the characteristics of wind engines and their efficiency in energy production.
8. 8.
   8. processes in the sun. solar radiation on the earth's surface.Lecture

   Solar system. the average distance between the sun and the earth. structure and formation of the sun. photosphere layer located 700,000 km from the center of the sun. the layer of gas that makes up the sun's atmosphere. the basis of solar radiation energy is the fusion reaction of hydrogen nuclei

   • 2. analyzes the characteristics of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and the factors affecting it.
   • 3. evaluates the importance of solar energy in energy production and as a source of renewable energy, substantiates the possibilities of practical application.
   • 1. explains the structure of the sun, the main physical processes taking place in the sun, and the mechanism of the formation of solar radiation.
9. 9.
   9. using solar energy. solar heating systems for water heating. solar collectors.Lecture

   Solar heating systems are passive and active. passive systems. active thermal solar systems. the effect of solar radiation. "tracking" systems. photo and thermoelectric conversion of solar energy. the role of "solar architecture". characterization of the amount of solar radiation impact on different surfaces.

   • 1. explains the methods of using solar energy and the working principle of solar heating systems (passive and active).
   • 2. evaluates the areas of application and efficiency of solar collectors, water heating systems, photoelectric and thermoelectric conversion technologies.
10. 10.
    10. pipelines of collectors and heat accumulatorsLecture

    Flat (flat) and focusing (concentrator) collectors. water heating collectors. efficient pipes. hermetic systems. designing of collectors. anti-corrosion pipes. optimal accumulation. real (sensible) heat accumulation and latent accumulation. accumulated heat energy.

    • 1. explains the structure, working principle and functions of solar collectors (flat and focusing), pipelines and thermal accumulators.
    • 2. evaluates the application characteristics of water heating collectors, hermetic systems, effective pipes and corrosion protection methods.
11. 11.
    11. working principle of solar photovoltaic cells. production of photocells.Lecture

    Electric voltage. power of electric current. sequential compounding. photocell characteristics. parallel connection of the photocell. series electrical connection of photocells. mixed combinations of photovoltaic cells.

    • 1. explains the structure of solar photovoltaic cells, the principle of operation and the main stages of production technology.
    • 2. analyzes the electrical characteristics of photocells (voltage, current and output power) and evaluates their operating mode.
12. 12.
    Working principle of solar photovoltaic cells. production of photocells.Lecture

    Electric voltage. power of electric current. sequential compounding. photocell characteristics. parallel connection of the photocell. series electrical connection of photocells. mixed combinations of photovoltaic cells.

13. 13.
    12. solar generator, electric load. electric batteries.Lecture

    Useful efficiency of solar cells. photogenerators. photogenerator electricity. volt-ampere characteristic of solar cell. photoelectric motive force. accumulation.

    • 1. explains the structure, working principle and interaction of solar generators, photogenerators and electric accumulators.
    • 2. analyzes the efficiency of solar cells, volt-ampere characteristics and the effect of photoelectric motive force on energy production.
14. 14.
    13. automatic solar orientation systems. environmental impact of solar installations. tower type solar thermal power plant.Lecture

    Solar elements. solar battery. tracking system. the rotation of the earth. intensity of solar radiation. equatorial tracking systems. photoelectric conversion. heliostat system. azimuthal tracking system. construction of tower-type solar power plants. flat mirrors. the height of the tower. concentrating collectors. heliostats. solar ovens. energy production.

    • 2. analyzes the structure, working principle and application areas of tower-type solar thermal power plants, heliostat systems, concentrating collectors and solar furnaces.
    • 1. explains the principle of operation, types (azimuthal and equatorial) and role in energy production of automatic orientation (tracking) systems to the sun.
15. 15.
    14. general information about geothermal energy sources.Lecture

    General information about geothermal energy sources geothermal energy. amount of geothermal energy. energy of geothermal waters. countries rich in geothermal heat sources. methods of using geothermal waters. three forms of underground geothermal resources: hot water, hot broken rocks, dry hot stones. types of geothermal hot water according to temperature: epithermal, mesothermal, hyperthermal. thermal regimes of these species

    • 2. analyzes the methods of using geothermal waters, the forms of underground geothermal resources (hot water, hot broken rocks, dry hot stones) and their fields of application.
    • 1. explains the characteristics of the formation of geothermal energy sources, the types of geothermal energy and its distribution around the world.
16. 16.
    15. types of ocean energy. using the energy of the ocean and seas. the energy of sea waves.Lecture

    Ways to convert ocean energy into electricity. thermal energy accumulated in the ocean. temperature difference of ocean layers. the energy of sea waves. pneumatic converter of wave energy. the power of wave-power plants. the unit of length of a wavefront

    • 2. analyzes the methods of converting ocean energy into electrical energy, the principles of using the energy of sea waves, and the working mechanism of pneumatic converters.
    • 1. explains the types of ocean and marine energy, their generation mechanism and their importance as a renewable energy source.
17. 17.

1. 1. александрова о. a., moshnikov v. a., maksimov a. i., nalimova s. с. alternative energy: textbook. — saint petersburg: издательство спбгэту «лети», 2023. ISBN 978-5-7629-3109-0
2. 2. fundamentals of energy: textbook for universities. — sankt-petersburg: издательство лан, 2023. — 140 p. ISBN 978-5-507-47056-3.(opens in a new tab)
3. 3. bystritsky g. f., gasangadzhiev g. g., kozhichenkov v. с. general energy: a textbook for universities. — 2-е изд., ispr. and the ball. — moscow: издательство юрайт, 2025. — 414 p. ISBN 978-5-534-20009-6.(opens in a new tab)
4. 4. radchenko r. v., mokrushin a. s., tyulpa v. в. general energy: hydrogen in energy: учебник для узов / pod nauch. ed. с. e. shchekleina. — moscow: издательство юрайт, 2025. — 230 p. ISBN 978-5-534-07557-1(opens in a new tab)
5. 5. zheng s. et al. hydropower and renewable energies. — springer nature, 2025.(opens in a new tab)