Kmya-rusSyllabus

Subject code

İF-3030Energetika-rus

Credits

6

Student workload

180

Semester

Autumn semester

Academic year

2025-2026

Subject type

Mandatory

Form of education

Full-time

Language of instruction

Russian

In-class hours

a) 30 saat mühazirə b) 30 saat laboratoriya

Out-of-class hours

a) 48 saat MRTSİ b) 72 saat TSİ

Kimya fənni maddələrin tərkibini, quruluşunu, xassələrini və onların qarşılıqlı təsiri nəticəsində baş verən kimyəvi çevrilmələrin qanunauyğunluqlarını öyrənməyə xidmət edir. fənn çərçivəsində atom və molekul quruluşu, kimyəvi rabitə, məhlullar, kimyəvi reaksiyalar, termokimya, elektrokimya və materialların kimyəvi xassələri üzrə fundamental biliklər mənimsədilir. nəticədə tələbələr təbiətdə və texnoloji proseslərdə baş verən kimyəvi hadisələri elmi əsaslarla təhlil etmək, mühəndislik fəaliyyətində kimyəvi bilikləri tətbiq etmək və peşə istiqamətinə uyğun problemlərin həllində bu biliklərdən səmərəli istifadə etmək bacarığı qazanırlar.

• lecture
• laboratory work
• presentations
• problem-based learning

No learning outcomes have been added.

1. 1.
   Lecture no. 1. basic laws of chemistry. stoichiometric lawsLecture

   Chemistry as a science studies substances, their composition, structure, properties and transformations. to explain chemical processes, there are basic laws of chemistry that establish quantitative and qualitative regularities of the interaction of substances. stoichiometric laws are fundamental laws of chemistry that describe quantitative relationships between substances involved in chemical reactions. they allow you to determine in what proportions substances react, what amount of products is formed, and also help to perform calculations of mass, volume and quantity of substances.

   • After studying the topics, students will be able to: explain the basic laws of chemistry and their meaning. to understand quantitative relationships between substances in reactions. compose and balance chemical equations. perform simple stoichiometric calculations. use the laws of conservation of mass and constancy of composition when solving chemical problems. understanding the role of stoichiometry in practical human activity.
2. 2.
   Lecture no. 2. general information about the structure of the atom. the composition is tired. postulates of bohrLecture

   An atom is the smallest electrically neutral particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties. the study of the structure of the atom is one of the most important topics in chemistry and physics, as it allows us to understand the nature of substances, the formation of chemical bonds and the regularity of the arrangement of elements in the periodic system. the modern idea of ​​an atom is based on the fact that it consists of an atomic nucleus and its surrounding electrons. most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, and the dimensions of the atom itself are determined by the area of ​​electron movement.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the modern structure of the atom. determine the composition of the atomic nucleus according to the number of protons and neutrons. different concepts of "proton", "neutron", "electron", "isotope". understand the connection between the structure of the atom and the position of the element in the periodic table. explain the basic principles of bohr's theory. understand the processes of absorption and release of energy when transitions of electrons between levels.
3. 3.
   Lecture no. 3. quantum numbers. electronic formulas of the atomLecture

   The modern understanding of the structure of the atom is based on the quantum theory, according to which the electrons in the atom are not located in certain circular orbits, but are located in special regions of space - atomic orbitals. the state of each electron in an atom is described using quantum numbers. quantum numbers allow you to determine the energy of the electron, the shape and orientation of its orbital, as well as the direction of its own rotation. the distribution of electrons by energy levels and sublevels is recorded using electronic formulas (configurations) of atoms.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the concept of quantum numbers and their meaning. determine the characteristics of the electron by four quantum numbers. understand the structure of electron shells of atoms. compose electronic formulas of chemical elements. apply the rules of pauli, hunda and the principle of filling energy levels. determine the connection between the electronic configuration of the atom and its chemical properties.
4. 4.
   Lecture no. 4. periodic law. law moseley. connection of the electronic structure of the atom with the periodic lawLecture

   The periodic law is one of the most important laws of chemistry, which explains the regularity of changes in the properties of chemical elements. it shows the connection between the structure of the atom and the arrangement of elements in the periodic table. the modern formulation of the periodic law is based on the dependence of the properties of elements on the charge of the atomic nucleus, that is, on the element's serial number.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: formulate a modern periodic law. mozli explain the meaning of the law. understand the relationship between the charge of the nucleus and the serial number of the element. determine the position of the element in the periodic system according to the electronic formula. link the number of energy levels with the number of the period. determine the amount of valence electrons and the group of the element. explain the dependence of chemical properties on the structure of electron shells of an atom.
5. 5.
   Lecture no. 5. mechanism and types of chemical communicationLecture

   A chemical bond is an interaction between atoms, ions or molecules that leads to the formation of stable chemical compounds. the emergence of a chemical bond is connected with the redistribution of electrons of the external energy level of atoms. the main reason for the formation of a chemical bond is the desire of atoms to reach a more stable electronic state, usually a state of a noble gas with a filled external electronic level. valence electrons — electrons of the outer shell of an atom — play an important role in the formation of chemical bonds.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the mechanism of chemical bond formation. determine the role of valence electrons in the formation of compounds. distinguish between ionic, covalent, metallic and hydrogen bonds. determine the type of chemical bond in the composition of the substance. explain the dependence of the properties of substances on the type of chemical connection. use knowledge about chemical bonding to understand the structure and properties of substances.
6. 6.
   Lecture no. 6. chemical kinetics, speed of chemical reactions and chemical equilibrium. principle of le chatelier.Lecture

   Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that studies the speed of chemical reactions, the mechanisms of their flow, and the factors influencing the speed change. it helps to understand why some reactions happen quickly and others slowly, as well as how to control the flow of chemical processes. chemical equilibrium is a state of reversible chemical reaction, in which the rate of forward and reverse reactions become equal, and the concentrations of substances remain constant over time. equilibrium is dynamic, as the reactions continue, but without changing the overall composition of the system.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the concept of the speed of a chemical reaction. identify factors that influence the speed of chemical processes. understanding the role of catalysts in chemical reactions. explain the essence of chemical equilibrium. apply the le chatelier principle to determine the direction of the equilibrium shift. analyze the influence of temperature, pressure and concentration on equilibrium systems. use knowledge of chemical kinetics and equilibrium when solving chemical problems.
7. 7.
   Lecture no. 7. dispersed systems. real solutions and ways of expressing their concentrations.Lecture

   Dispersed systems are systems in which one substance in the form of small particles is distributed in another substance. a substance that is in a fragmented state is called a dispersed phase, and the medium in which it is distributed is called a dispersion medium. the size of particles of the dispersed phase determines the properties of the system and its stability. dispersed systems are widespread in nature and are used in industry, medicine, agriculture and chemical technology.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the concept of dispersed systems and their classification. differentiate true solutions, colloidal and coarsely dispersed systems. determine the composition of the solution and the role of the solvent. understanding the features of real solutions and the process of hydration. calculate different types of concentrations of solutions. apply knowledge about concentration when preparing and analyzing solutions.
8. 8.
   Lecture no. 8. properties of solutions. osmotic pressure, van't-hoff's law. vapor pressure of solutions. laws of raoul i and ii.Lecture

   Solutions are one of the most common forms of existence of substances in nature and are widely used in chemistry, biology, medicine and industry. their properties differ from the properties of pure substances, since the dissolved substance affects the physical characteristics of the solvent. the most important properties of solutions include osmotic pressure, a decrease in saturated vapor pressure, an increase in boiling point and a decrease in freezing point. these properties are called colligative properties, as they depend mainly on the amount of dissolved particles, and not on their chemical nature.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the basic physical properties of solutions. describe the process of osmosis and the concept of osmotic pressure. apply van't-hoff's law to explain the dependence of osmotic pressure on concentration and temperature. explain the reasons for the decrease in the pressure of the saturated vapor of solutions. formulate the first and second laws of raoul. explain the influence of a dissolved substance on the temperature of boiling and freezing of solutions. use knowledge about the colligative properties of solutions when solving chemical problems and explaining natural and technological processes.
9. 9.
   Lecture no. 9. electrochemical processes. electrode potential. hydrogen electrode. the sequence of metal tensions. galvanic elementLecture

   Electrochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry that studies the process of mutual transformation of chemical and electrical energy. electrochemical processes are the basis of the operation of accumulators, batteries, fuel cells, processes of electrolysis, corrosion of metals and methods of protecting metals from destruction. oxidation-reduction reactions occur in electrochemical processes, accompanied by the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. the ability of a substance to give or accept electrons is characterized by the electrode potential, which is an important characteristic of the chemical activity of metals.

   • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the essence of electrochemical processes. give definition of electrode potential and understand its physical meaning. describe the device and purpose of a standard hydrogen electrode. use a range of voltages of metals to evaluate their chemical activity. explain the principle of operation of the galvanic element and the processes that occur on the anode and cathode. apply knowledge of electrochemical processes to explain the operation of chemical current sources and corrosion phenomena.
10. 10.
    Lecture no. 10. electrolysis. the law of electrolysis. accumulatorsLecture

    Electrolysis is an electrochemical process in which chemical reactions occur in solutions or melts of electrolytes under the action of a constant electric current. during electrolysis, electrical energy turns into chemical energy. electrolysis is widely used in industry for obtaining metals, cleaning substances, applying protective metallic coatings and producing chemical products. the amount of substance released during electrolysis is determined by faraday's laws. accumulators are also practical applications of electrochemical processes — chemical current sources that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

    • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the essence of the process of electrolysis. different processes of oxidation and restoration on the anode and cathode. formulate the first and second laws of faraday. calculate the mass of the substance released during electrolysis. explain the principle of operation of various types of accumulators. compare the main types of batteries and areas of their application. apply knowledge about electrolysis and accumulators to explain industrial and household electrochemical processes.
11. 11.
    Lecture no. 11. methods of obtaining metals in industry. corrosion of metalsLecture

    Metals play an important role in modern industry, construction, energy, transport and other spheres of human activity. most metals are found in nature in the form of compounds (ores), so various metallurgical methods are used to obtain pure metals. the choice of the method of production depends on the chemical activity of the metal, the composition of the ore and economic feasibility. during operation, metal products are exposed to the environment, which leads to their gradual destruction - corrosion. the study of the causes of corrosion and methods of protection of metals has a large meaning for increasing the service life of equipment, constructions and vehicles.

    • After studying the topic, students will be able to: explain the main methods of industrial production of metals. differentiate pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and electrometallurgical processes. describe the essence of chemical and electrochemical corrosion. determine the factors that influence the speed of corrosion of metals. explain the main methods of protecting metals from corrosion. to evaluate the importance of modern technologies for the production and protection of metals for industry and everyday life.
12. 12.
    Lecture no. 12. light structural metals (be, mg).Lecture

    Light structural metals are metals with low density, high strength and good mechanical properties, widely used in industry. they are used for the manufacture of machine parts, airplanes, automobiles, space equipment, instruments and construction structures. beryllium (be) and magnesium (mg) are the most important light structural metals. due to their low weight, high strength and ability to form strong alloys, these metals are of great importance in modern technology.

    • After studying the topic, students will be able to: characterize the physical and chemical properties of beryllium and magnesium. explain the position of beryllium and magnesium in the periodic system and their relationship with properties. write the main chemical reactions involving beryllium and magnesium. describe the main ways of obtaining magnesium in industry. explain the advantages of light structural metals and their alloys. examples of the use of beryllium and magnesium in industry, technology and medicine. observe the rules of safe handling of beryllium and consider its toxicity.
13. 13.
    Lecture no. 13. aluminum (al) and titanium (ti). natural compounds, obtaining, properties and applicationLecture

    Aluminum (al) and titanium (ti) are among the most important structural metals in modern industry. due to their low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties, they are widely used in the aviation, space, automotive, construction and chemical industries. in nature, aluminum and titanium are found only in the form of compounds, therefore, special metallurgical methods are used to obtain pure metals. the study of their natural compounds, methods of obtaining them, physical and chemical properties has a large meaning for understanding modern technologies of production of materials.

    • After studying the topic, students will be able to: characterize the position of aluminum and titanium in the periodic system. name the main natural compounds of aluminum and titanium. explain the industrial methods of obtaining aluminum and titanium. write down the main chemical reactions involving aluminum and titanium. compare physical and chemical properties of aluminum and titanium. explain the importance of the oxide film in the protection of metals from corrosion. lead examples of the application of aluminum, titanium and their alloys in various industries and medicine.
14. 14.
    Lecture no. 14. chrome (cr) and manganese (mn). natural compounds, obtaining, properties and applicationLecture

    Chromium (cr) and manganese (mn) are transition metals widely used in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry and alloy production. they have high strength, hardness and the ability to form compounds with different degrees of oxidation. the main area of ​​their application is the production of alloyed steels and special alloys with high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. in nature, chromium and manganese are found as part of minerals and ores. to obtain pure metals, metallurgical methods of restoring their compounds are used.

    • After studying the topic, students will be able to: characterize the position of chromium and manganese in the periodic system. name the main natural compounds (ores) of chromium and manganese. explain the industrial methods of obtaining chromium and manganese. record basic chemical reactions involving chromium and manganese. compare the physical and chemical properties of these metals. explain the role of chromium and manganese in the production of alloyed steels and alloys. приводить примеры применения чроми и манганца в металлугии, чимическая и электрохимии.
15. 15.
    Lecture no. 15. fe. natural compounds, obtaining, properties and application.Lecture

    Iron (fe) is one of the most common and important metals in nature and industry. it is the basis of modern metallurgy and is widely used for the production of steel, cast iron and various alloys. due to its high strength, plasticity and availability, iron plays an important role in construction, mechanical engineering, transport, energy and other industries. in nature, iron is found mainly in the form of compounds (ores). metallurgical processes for the recovery of iron oxides are used to obtain pure metal. the properties of iron and its compounds determine its wide application in technology and everyday life.

16. 16.
    Laboratory no. 1. determination of zinc equivalent by displacement methodLaboratory

    Substance equivalent is one of the most important quantities in chemistry, used in quantitative calculations of chemical reactions. the equivalent shows the mass of the substance that combines with or replaces 1 mole of hydrogen atoms (or the equivalent amount of another substance). in this laboratory work, the equivalent of zinc is determined by the method of displacement of hydrogen from an acid solution. when zinc interacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen is released, the volume of which is measured and the equivalent mass of zinc is calculated based on the obtained data.

    • After completing laboratory work, students will be able to: explain the concept of equivalent and equivalent mass of substance. write down the reaction equation of the interaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid. use laboratory equipment to collect and measure the volume of released gas. calculate the amount of hydrogen substance and the equivalent mass of zinc. analyze experimental data and estimate the accuracy of the results. observe safety rules when working with acids and flammable gases.
17. 17.
    Laboratory no. 2. determination of molecular mass of carbon dioxideLaboratory

    Determination of the molecular mass of gases is an important task of physical chemistry. one of the most common methods is the use of the equation of state of an ideal gas, which connects pressure, volume, temperature and amount of substance. in this laboratory work, the molecular mass of carbon dioxide (co₂) is determined by its mass, volume, temperature and pressure. the obtained experimental value is compared with the theoretical molecular mass, which allows you to estimate the accuracy of the measurements and master the methods of processing experimental data.

    • After completing laboratory work, students will be able to: explain the concept of molecular mass of gas. apply the equation of state of an ideal gas for calculations. measure the volume, temperature and pressure of the gas. calculate the molecular mass of carbon dioxide according to experimental data. analyze the results of measurements and estimate the error of the experiment. observe safety rules when working with laboratory equipment and chemical reagents.
18. 18.
    Laboratory no. 3. determination of the influence of temperature and concentration on the speed of chemical reaction.Laboratory

    The speed of a chemical reaction is a change in the concentration of one of the reacting substances or products of the reaction per unit of time. it depends on the nature of the reacting substances and the conditions of the reaction. in this laboratory work, the influence of temperature and concentration of solutions on the speed of a chemical reaction is studied.

    • After completing laboratory work, students will be able to: determine the speed of a chemical reaction by an experimental method. explain the influence of the concentration of reagents on the speed of the reaction. explain the influence of temperature on the speed of chemical processes. use van't-hoff's rule to analyze temperature effects. conduct laboratory observations and prepare the results of the experiment. make conclusions about the dependence of the reaction rate on the conditions of its conduct.
19. 19.
    Laboratory work no. 4. light structural metals (mg, al)Laboratory

    Lightweight structural metals are metals with low density, high strength and good technological properties, which are used to create various structures and machine parts. the most important representatives are magnesium (mg) and aluminum (al). thanks to the combination of low weight, sufficient strength, corrosion resistance and the ability to form magnesium and aluminum alloys, they are widely used in aviation, automotive, construction, electrical engineering and other industries.

    • After completing laboratory work, students will be able to: characterize the physical and chemical properties of magnesium and aluminum. name the main natural compounds mg and al. explain the ways of industrial production of magnesium and aluminum. record chemical reactions involving these metals. compare the properties of magnesium and aluminum as construction materials. explain the importance of light alloys in modern industry. examples of the use of magnesium, aluminum and their alloys in technology.
20. 20.
    Laboratory work no. 5. chrome (cr) and manganese (mn). natural compounds, obtaining, properties and applicationLaboratory

    Chromium (cr) and manganese (mn) belong to transition metals and are of great importance in modern metallurgy and chemical industry. they have high hardness, strength, the ability to form various compounds and improve the properties of metal alloys. chromium and manganese are mainly found in nature in the form of minerals and ores. obtaining these metals is carried out with the help of reduction processes and electrometallurgy. they found their main application in the production of steels, alloys, protective coatings and chemical products.

    • After completing laboratory work, students will be able to: determine the position of chromium and manganese in the periodic system. name the main natural compounds cr and mn. explain ways of obtaining chromium and manganese. describe the physical and chemical properties of these metals. write the equations of the main reactions with the participation of cr and mn. explain the role of chromium and manganese in the production of steels and alloys. give examples of the industrial application of these metals.
21. 21.
    Independent workIndependent work

    The goal of independent work is independent study by students of theoretical knowledge obtained during lectures and classes, use of additional scientific resources, deepening of knowledge on the topic. in the course of independent work, students investigate the essence of a given topic, analyze the main concepts, collect scientific and technical information and systematize the obtained results. in the process of work, students develop the skills of analytical thinking, searching for information, conducting analysis and inferences. self-motivated work serves to form students' ability to self-study, to connect theoretical knowledge with practical issues, and to improve professional training in their specialty.

    • Student as a result of independent work: может продукты незображение иследование по данный теме; acquires the ability to collect and systematize scientific and technical information; мобить описание основний концепиции и ногимоверности по теме; can effectively use various sources of data; может делать овыды, analyzing the received data; can connect theoretical knowledge with practical questions; develops skills in preparing presentations and written reports; forms the ability to independent decision-making and analytical thinking.

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