Web technologiesTopics

In the subject, web technologies and the HTML hypertext markup language, which are the basis for the construction of the global internet network and modern web pages, are studied. students analyze the workings of client-server architecture, how browsers read code, and the fundamental structural elements of an HTML document. in the main part of the lesson, the correct formation of text content on the web page, title tags, paragraphs, creating lists, as well as the rules for formatting texts and building a semantic structure are practically examined.

In the topic, the HTML elements that ensure the connection of web pages with each other and the integration of multimedia content are studied. students analyze the concepts of absolute and relative addressing, creating internal and external links through the hyperlink tag. in the main part of the lesson, the application of image, video and audio tags for adding visual and audio content to the web page, their management attributes, browser support of different media formats and effective resource loading rules are practically examined.

In the subject, HTML list and table elements are studied, which are used to bring the information in an orderly, structured and easy-to-read form on web pages. students analyze the rules for creating numbered, unnumbered, and descriptive lists, as well as the structure of their internal elements. in the main part of the lesson, table tags, row and column formatting, setting header cells, as well as applying attributes to combine rows and columns are practically explored to visualize complex data panels.

The topic explores HTML forms and semantic tags used to collect information from users and bring the structure of a web page into an understandable form for search engines. students analyze how to format different input elements such as text fields, password boxes, radio buttons, check boxes, and submit buttons. the second part of the lesson examines the application mechanisms of modern semantic tags that divide the content of the web page into logical parts, increase the readability of the code and SEO effectiveness.

The subject studies CSS technology, which controls the visual style, design, and layout of web pages built with html. students analyze the basic syntax of css, the concept of selectors, and how to insert style files into an HTML document. in the main part of the lesson, features such as font size, color, alignment and thickness that regulate the visual appearance of texts on a web page, as well as the rules for effectively applying colors, gradients and images to the background of elements, are practically explored.

The topic explores the CSS properties that define how HTML elements are displayed, hidden on a page, and how to handle content that exceeds the element's dimensions. students analyze the display property, which renders elements into a block, inline, or inline block form, and the concept of visibility, which preserves its position on the page while visually hiding an element. in the main part of the lesson, the different parameters of the overflow feature, which are applied in cases where the text or media inside the element exceeds the box dimensions, are practically examined.

In the topic, the CSS position feature is studied, which ensures accurate positioning of the elements on the web page according to different coordinates, removed from the standard document flow. students analyze static modes, which represent the initial order of elements, and relative modes, which move based on their position in the document flow. in the main part of the lesson, absolute, which places the element in relation to its closest positioned parent, fixed, which fixes it to the screen frame, and sticky modes, which remain fixed at a certain point when the page is scrolled, as well as the concept of z-index, which regulates the overlapping sequence of elements, are practically examined.

Responsive design principles and advanced styling methods of css, which ensure adaptation of modern web pages to different screen sizes, are studied in the subject. students analyze the mechanics of transitions, which provide smooth transition effects to elements, transforms, which create visual transformations, and keyframes, which create complex animations. in the main part of the lesson, the implementation of media queries, flexible grid systems, as well as relative measurement units, which play an important role in responsiveness, are practically explored to make websites look flawless on mobile, tablet and desktop screens.

In the subject, javascript, the basic language of modern web programming, which adds dynamism, interactivity and functionality to web pages, is studied. students analyze how the scripting language works, how it is executed within the browser, and how it is linked to an HTML document. in the main part of the lesson, the fundamental syntax of javascript, declaration of variables, basic data types, mathematical and comparison operators, as well as working with the browser console and the use of warning windows are practically examined.

In the topic, the basic mechanisms used for constructing algorithms, checking conditions and managing repetitive processes are studied in the javascript programming language. students analyze the application of arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators in different combinations. in the main part of the lesson, the if, else if, else and switch-case structures, which diversify the course of the program according to certain conditions, as well as the working principles of the for and while cycles, which ensure the repeated execution of code blocks, are practically examined.

In the subject, functions and built-in objects for code structuring, reusability and using the built-in capabilities of the language are studied in the javascript programming language. students analyze how to define functions, the concepts of arguments and parameters, the construction of functions that return a value, and local-global field differences. in the main part of the lesson, the application of arrays within the language, math object for mathematical calculations, date object for working with date and time, as well as string methods for manipulation of text type data are practically investigated.

The topic explores the two main data structures — arrays and objects — that are used to store and manage complex and large amounts of data in an orderly manner in the javascript programming language. students analyze the creation of arrays, ways to access elements, and basic methods that manipulate arrays for working with indexed lists. in the main part of the lesson, the object structure that models real-world objects in the form of "key-value" pairs, the rules of applying to object properties and methods are practically examined.

The subject learns the DOM (document object model) architecture and browser window management with javascript, which allows turning static HTML documents into dynamic and interactive web applications. students analyze how the browser converts HTML elements into an object-oriented tree structure and the hierarchy of these objects. in the main part of the lesson, the methods of selecting HTML elements by id, class and tag names, changing the content of elements, managing attributes and the rules of dynamic application of CSS styles over the DOM are practically examined through javascript.

In the topic, the construction of interactive systems that respond to the user's actions on the web page and the dynamic management of HTML elements are studied. students analyze basic DOM events such as clicks, keyboard input, and form submissions, as well as how to implement event listeners. in the main part of the lesson, the rules of creating completely new HTML elements within the program, adding attributes and text to them, inserting elements into the DOM hierarchy and deleting existing elements are practically explored without refreshing the web page.