MacroeconomicsTopics

Research subject of macroeconomics. views of representatives of the main schools on macroeconomic processes. methodology for the study of macroeconomic processes. basic concepts used in macroeconomics.

Common and different aspects in the understanding of macroeconomics and national economy. social reproduction as the basis of the existence of the economy as a whole. the structure of social production. types, criteria and indicators of extensive reproduction. economic space in the recycling system.

Public product and its structure. national accountability. gross domestic product (gdp) and gross national product (gnp). interconnection system of macroeconomic indicators. appropriation of national wealth and income from its use. the problem of accuracy of macroeconomic indicators. net economic welfare.

The essence and most important theories of macroeconomic (general) equilibrium. a general perception of the efficiency of the national economy. the concept of maximum economic efficiency.

Consumption and collection. moderate and extreme propensity to consume and accumulate. investment expenditure and investment demand. a simple keynesian model of macroeconomic equilibrium.

Cycles and cyclicality as a form of economic system development. types of economic cycles and the main forms of crisis. the most important theories of economic cycles. causes of cyclicality and factors determining the stable non-equilibrium state of economic systems. anticyclic regulation. stabilizer programs.

Evolutionary development of employment theory. unemployment and its types. causes of unemployment. indicators of unemployment and factors determining its dynamics. economic and social (non-economic) costs. oaken's law. regulation of the labor market by the state.

Nature and types of inflation. conditions and causes of inflation. inflation measurement mechanism and methods. anti-inflation policy.

Money circulation and monetary system. money supply and its calculation indicators. money market. money supply and demand. monetary policy: objectives and tools.

Functions and role of credit in the market economy. the emergence of banks and bank lending. forms of credit. credit system and its development in modern conditions. commercial banks and their functions in the market economy. the central bank and its functions in the market economy.

The essence of finance and its role in modern society. theoretical concepts of public finances and their evolution. state budget: ways of formation and use. economic theory of taxation and public expenditure. fiscal policy. general characteristics of budget deficit and public debt.

Neoclassical concept of consumption. keynesian concept of consumption. modigliani's life cycle theory. monetarist concept (permanent income theory). neoclassical theory of fixed capital investments. tobin ratio and fixed capital investments. keynesian investment theory. investments in housing construction. reserve investments.

Budget - tax policy, its goals and objectives. discrete and automatic budget - the mechanism of conducting tax policy. budget balancing methods and the role of budget deficit in economic development. the main models of public debt and its impact on the economy. assessments of the effectiveness of the budget - tax policy.

Currency types and their conversion problems. exchange rates and classification of world currencies. factors determining equilibrium and nominal exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. currency markets. types of transactions in the foreign exchange market. features of the russian currency market. balance of payments: main parameters, sources and classification criteria.