Introduction to economicsTopics

What is economics? the role of economy in social life. why study economics? subject of economic science and modern approaches to it. evolution of economic science. levels of the economy: micro and macroeconomics. differentiation of economic problems on micro and macro levels. economic thinking. how is economics studied? economic methodology. a positive and normative economic approach. research methods of economic processes: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. mathematical methods of analysis of economic processes. graphical representation of data. time series and bivariate graph. propensity factor.

Ensuring economic interests. abraham maslow's hierarchy/pyramid of needs. economic needs and their classification. economic resources: essence and classification. natural resources, capital and human resources. exhaustible and renewable resources. economic choice and constraint. factors of production. production possibilities curve (ppf (production possibility frontier). marginal rate of transformation (mrt- marginal rate of transformation). how to reduce costs when producing a product. effective use of resources. economic choice: alternative choice and alternative costs. producer and consumer behavior. rational behavior. ultimate costs and benefits. abraham maslow's hierarchy/pyramid of needs. economic needs and their classification. economic resources: nature and classification. natural resources, capital and human resources. exhaustible and renewable resources. production possibilities curve (ppf) marginal rate of transformation. how to reduce costs when producing a product. economic choice: alternative choice and alternative costs. rational behavior. marginal costs and benefits.

The economic system and its classification. the essence and content of the economic system. characteristics of the economic system. the main problems of economic systems: what to produce? how to produce? to produce for whom? criteria and types of classification of economic systems. general and different aspects of the economic system. "pure" and "mixed" economic systems according to the criteria of complexity and variability of economic systems. planned economic system (administrative emirate system). the essence of the market economy system. driving and regulatory mechanism of the market economy. free enterprise. a. smith's "invisible hand" theory. models of market economy. basic aspects of social and free (free) market economy. market concept. historical conditions of the formation of the market. understanding the structure of the market. functions of the market. property is an economic and legal category. economic realization of property. theories of property. signs of ownership, use and disposal of property in the property. objects and subjects of property. forms of ownership: state ownership, private ownership, intellectual property.

Household. household income expenditure. entrepreneurial activity essence and economic importance. legal basis of entrepreneurship. purpose and types of entrepreneurial activity. who is the entrepreneur? what are the main rights and duties? the main forms of business organization: individual, partnership and society. the main advantages and disadvantages of forms of business organization. the essence of the enterprise as a consumer of its economic resources and a supplier of finished products. forms of enterprises according to the size and type of ownership. the state as a subject of the market economy. state entrepreneurship. state department of economy.

Əzuniyyət hüququnun həyata keçirilməsi azərbaycan respublikasının əmək məcəlləsi ilə tənzimlənir. i̇şçi qanunvericilikdə nəzərdə tutulmuş qaydada məzuniyyətə çıxmaq hüququna malikdir. məzuniyyət, əsasən, işçinin müraciəti və işəgötürənin müvafiq əmri əsasında rəsmiləşdirilir. əmək məzuniyyətinin müddəti, vaxtı və ödəniş qaydaları qanunvericiliyə uyğun müəyyən edilir. məzuniyyət növündən asılı olaraq müvafiq sənədlər də tələb oluna bilər.

The nature of the offer individual and market offer. the volume of the offer and its quantitative change. supply curve and its shift. determinants of supply: price of products or services, production costs and price changes of production factors, technologies used in the production process, prices of related products. supply curve: the relationship between the quantity of goods and services supplied and the price. movement along the supply curve and the shift in the supply curve the supply function. effect of price on supply. the law of supply. income and price elasticity of supply. effect of supply on price.

What is market equilibrium? demand surplus and shortage. basic elements of market equilibrium: equilibrium price and volume. effects of changes in supply and demand on equilibrium. interpretation of market equilibrium by l. walras and a. marshall. equilibrium price formation: the role of supply and demand. the nature and functions of price. price freedom. state price regulation

Nature and types of competition. superior qualities of market competition. advanced competition and its features. emergence of monopolies: concentration and centralization of capital. socio-economic consequences of monopoly. what is natural monopoly? monopolistic competition. oligopoly. government antitrust action. regulation of competition environment and monopoly activity.

Gross domestic product (gdp). gross national product. intermediate product. the final product. added value. income and expenditure method of calculating gdp. production method (value added) expenditure method of calculating gdp: household consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, government expenditure and net exports. nominal gdp. price index. real gdp. GDP deflator. consumer price index. AQP calculation of gdp. the essence of economic growth. indicators of economic growth at the macroeconomic level. factors affecting economic growth. criteria of economic growth. types of economic growth. economic growth and economic development

Employment and wages the nature of labor resources. economically active population. measuring the level of economic activity of the population. socio-economic nature of marriage. labor market: demand and supply of labor. equilibrium in the labor market. full employment. the impact of trade unions on the labor market. state regulation of labor relations. state regulation of working hours. unemployment and its social consequences. measuring the unemployment rate. forms of unemployment and its natural level. salary essence and functions. nominal and real wages. determination of the minimum wage by legislation. supporters and opponents of setting the minimum wage. determining the average monthly salary and median salary labor productivity essence and measurement

Government and its budget. income and expenses of the budget. structure of budget expenditures: investment and socially oriented budget. tax and non-tax revenues of the budget. the nature and main functions of the tax. basic principles of taxation. tax burden and tax to broadcasting. tax system. budget surplus and deficit. public debt. a traditional and ricardian view of public debt. fiscal policy of the state. consequences of maximum tax policy. effects of fiscal policy on monetary policy

Volume and structure of monetary income of the population. real and nominal money income. fair distribution of income. social inequality. lawrence curve. calculating the gini (gini) coefficient measuring the standard of living. poverty level and its measurement. absolute and relative poverty. social security

Economic development and indicators characterizing it. what is sustainable development? sustainable development goals. the essence of inclusive development. social orientation of the economy. education and health indicators of the population. welfare and its measurement. quality of life. a system of indicators characterizing well-being. improving material well-being.

Qaraqoyunlu və ağqoyunlu dövlətlərinin yaranması, idarəçilik sistemi, xarici və daxili siyasəti nəzərdən keçirilir. bu dövlətlərin azərbaycan dövlətçilik ənənələrinin inkişafına təsiri və regional siyasi proseslərdə mövqeyi işıqlandırılır.

The essence of an open economy. the degree of openness of the economy and its indicators. conditions necessitating international relations: comparative and relative advantage. international trade. balance of payments: positive and negative balance. import and export operations reasons for restriction of international trade. customs duties (tariffs). import and export quotas. export promotion and administrative restrictions. protectionism and free trade. international movement of labor. migration. international movement of capital. foreign investments and their promotion. different views and tendencies towards globalization. development of economic cooperation: international organizations.