Dielektriklər fizikasıSyllabus

Subject code

İFS-2461y

Credits

7

Student workload

210

Semester

Autumn semester

Academic year

2025-2026

Subject type

Elective

Form of education

Full-time

Language of instruction

Azerbaijani

In-class hours

a) müharə-45 saat b) seminar -15 saat c) laboratoriya- 15 saat

Out-of-class hours

a) TSİ-80 saat b) MRTSİ-85 saat

Dielektriklər fizikası fənninin müxtəlif bölmələrinin müasir tələblərə uyğun olaraq daha da səmərəli öyrədilməsinə, müxtəlif fiziki cihaz və avadanlıqlarda tətbiq edilə bilən müxtəlif xassəli yeni və yüksək keyfiyyətli dielektrik materialların axtarışına və tətbiq edilməsinə yardım etməkdir.

• lecture
• laboratory work
• seminar
• presentations

No learning outcomes have been added.

1. 1.
   Types of dielectrics and their most common properties.Lecture

   The topic of types of dielectrics and their most common properties studies the structure, types and properties of materials that almost do not conduct electricity. dielectrics are classified according to their state of aggregate (solid, liquid, gas), according to their origin (natural and artificial) and according to their structure (polar and non-polar). their main properties are high electrical resistance, polarizability in an electric field, dielectric strength and low electrical conductivity. these materials are widely used for insulation purposes in electrical equipment

2. 2.
   Dielectrics differ from metals and semiconductors. dielectrics differ from metals and semiconductorsLecture

   The topic of the differences of dielectrics from metals and semiconductors includes a comparison of these three classes of materials in terms of electrical conductivity, electronic structure, and applications. metals conduct electricity well due to the large number of free electrons, semiconductors change their conductivity under certain conditions (as a result of temperature increase, illumination or doping), and dielectrics almost do not conduct electricity due to the fact that there are very few free charge carriers. dielectrics are mainly used as insulating materials, metals are used as conductors, and semiconductors are used as basic elements of electronic devices.

3. 3.
   Electrical conductivity of dielectricsLecture

   The subject of electrical conductivity of dielectrics studies the mechanism of generation of electric current in dielectric materials and the factors affecting it. dielectrics under normal conditions almost do not conduct electricity due to the fact that they have very few free charge carriers. however, high temperature, strong electric field, humidity and various impurities can increase their electrical conductivity to some extent. since dielectrics have very low electrical conductivity, they are mainly used as electrical insulating materials.

4. 4.
   Giriş. dövlətəqədərki dövr və ibtidai insan münasibətlərinin formalaşmasıLecture

   Dövlətəqədərki dövrün əsas xüsusiyyətləri, ibtidai insan cəmiyyətinin yaranması və formalaşması, eyni zamanda qədim insanların həyat tərzi, əmək vərdişləri, ictimai münasibətlərin təşəkkülü, qəbilə və tayfa quruluşunun formalaşması, eləcə də dövlətin yaranmasına təsir edən sosial-iqtisadi proseslərdən bəhs edir.

   • • ftn1: azərbaycan tarixinin dövrlərinin əsas mahiyyəti izah edilir.
   • • ftn2: azərbaycan tarixi üzrə bəzi mübahisəli məsələlərə aydınlıq gətirilir.
   • • ftn4: tələbələrin ən azından minimum məlumat əldə etməsi, mövzular ətrafında öz fikrinin formalaşmasının səviyyəsi yoxlanılır.
   • • ftn5: tələbələrə qədim tariximizin müasir dövrlə uzlaşdırılması vərdişləri aşılanır.
   • • ftn3: tələbələrin bu və ya digər məsələlərlə bağlı obyektiv mövqeyini formalaşmasına nail olunur.
5. 5.
   Dynamic properties and main features of thermal (relaxation) polarization.

   Thermal (relaxation) polarization is a type of polarization that occurs when dipole moments of molecules are directed in the direction of the field under the influence of an external electric field in polar dielectrics. due to the thermal motion of the molecules, their complete orientation is not possible. a balance is created between the electric field and the heat movement.

6. 6.
   Relationship between dielectric permittivity and polarization.Lecture

   Dielectric permittivity (ε) is a physical quantity that characterizes the ability of a dielectric material to polarize under the influence of an electric field. when an external electric field affects the dielectric, atoms, ions or molecules are polarized, that is, the centers of positive and negative charges are slightly displaced relative to each other, or the dipoles are directed in the direction of the field.

7. 7.
   Polarization of non-centrosymmetric (active) dielectrics.Lecture

   Non-centrosymmetric (active) dielectrics are dielectric materials that do not have a center of symmetry in their crystal structure. due to this structure, even if there is no external electric field, electric dipoles can exist inside them. such materials are called active dielectrics.

8. 8.
   About some properties of active dielectricsLecture

   Active dielectrics are dielectric materials that change their electrical properties in response to external influences (electric field, mechanical stress, temperature, etc.). these materials have a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and can convert electrical energy into other forms of energy, and other forms of energy into electrical energy.

9. 9.
   Physical properties of electrets.Lecture

   Electrets are dielectric materials that can hold electrical charges and polarization within themselves or on their surface for long periods of time. electrically, they create a permanent electric field similar to how permanent magnets maintain a magnetic field. electrets are made by heating and cooling in a special electric field or by other special methods.

10. 10.
    Spontaneous polarization and magnetoelectric property.Lecture

    Spontaneous polarization is a permanent electric polarization that occurs in some dielectric materials without an external electric field. this phenomenon is related to the fact that the crystal structure is not centrosymmetric. in such materials, electric dipoles align themselves in a certain direction and create an internal electric field.

11. 11.
    The creation and development of the state of azerbaijan (iii-ii millennia bc) -Lecture

    The topic covers the formation and stages of development of the first state institutions that have been established in the territory of azerbaijan since ancient times. the administrative system, political structure, economic life and cultural characteristics of the states are widely investigated. at the same time, their position in the region and their relations with other states are analyzed. the role played by these states in the formation of the history of azerbaijan statehood is specially emphasized.

12. 12.
    With non-linear EFFECT ON PROPERTIES OF DIELECTRICS IN STRONG ELECTRIC FIELDLecture

    Non-linear effects are phenomena caused by the fact that when a strong electric field is applied to dielectric materials, their electrical properties do not change in direct proportion to the intensity of the field. in weak electric fields, the polarization is approximately linearly related to the electric field. however, when the intensity of the field increases, this dependence is broken and the dielectric shows non-linear behavior.

13. 13.
    Electrical AGING AND ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN OF DIELECTRICS IN a STRONG ELECTRIC field.Lecture

    Electrical aging is the process of gradual deterioration of the electrical and mechanical properties of a dielectric material as a result of being under the influence of a strong electric field for a long time. at this time, changes occur in the internal structure of the material, the formation of microcracks, partial discharges, thermal effects and chemical changes reduce the strength of the dielectric.

14. 14.
    Phase TRANSITIONS IN DIELECTRICSLecture

    A strong electric field can cause gradual wear of dielectrics and, in critical cases, electrical breakdown. electrical wear weakens the material's insulating properties, while electrical puncture leads to its complete failure. therefore, increasing the electrical strength of dielectrics, correct operation and timely technical control are of great importance for the reliable and long-lasting operation of electrical equipment.

15. 15.
    Mechanisms of electrical conductivity in dielectrics.Independent work

    Electrical conductivity in dielectrics is a process resulting from the movement of electrical charge carriers (electrons, ions, and other charged particles) within the material. since the number of free charge carriers in dielectrics is very small, their electrical conductivity is much lower than that of metals.

16. 16.
    Independent work

    Electrical conductivity in dielectrics is a process resulting from the movement of electrical charge carriers (electrons, ions, and other charged particles) within the material. since the number of free charge carriers in dielectrics is very small, their electrical conductivity is much lower than that of metals

17. 17.
    Dielectric losses.Independent work

    Dielectric losses are the process of converting part of the electrical energy into thermal energy in a dielectric material under the influence of a changing electric field. these losses are related to the movement of charge carriers within the dielectric, the delay of polarization processes, and the structural properties of the material.

18. 18.
    Electrical wear and electrical breakdown of dielectrics in a strong electric field.Independent work

    Electrical wear of dielectrics in a strong electric field is a process of gradual weakening of the insulating properties of the material as a result of being exposed to high voltage for a long time. at this time, changes occur in the internal structure of the dielectric, the formation of microcracks, partial discharges, thermal effects and chemical changes reduce the electrical strength of the material.

19. 19.
    Polarization of non-centrosymmetric (active) dielectricsIndependent work

    Non-centrosymmetric (active) dielectrics are materials that do not have a center of symmetry in their crystal structure and show special electrical properties. because the arrangement of atoms and ions in these materials is not completely symmetrical, electric dipoles can be formed. therefore, they have a strong ability to polarize under the influence of an external electric field.

20. 20.
    Magnetoelectrics. Independent work

    Magnetoelectrics (ferroelectrics) are active dielectric materials that have spontaneous polarization in a certain temperature range and can change the direction of this polarization under the influence of an external electric field. as a result of the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of these materials, electric dipoles are self-organized and an internal electric field is created.

21. 21.
    Magnetoelectrics. Independent work

    Magnetoelectrics (ferroelectrics) are active dielectric materials that have spontaneous polarization in a certain temperature range and can change the direction of this polarization under the influence of an external electric field. as a result of the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of these materials, electric dipoles are self-organized and an internal electric field is created.

1. S.k. khalilov, physics of dielectrics
2. E.a. masimov, physical chemistry of polymers, baku, publishing house of bsu, 2010. 2. g. a. vorobyev, yu. p. pokholkov, yu. d. korolev, v. i. merkulov, physics of dielectrics, tomsk, izd.tpu, 2008 3. n.p. bogoroditsky and others. electrotechnical materials, leningrad, izd. energoatomizdat, 1985