Subject · Chemical engineering
Chemical cyberneticsTopics
Topic plan
The subject's topics and the learning outcomes attached to each one.
1. Studying for the purpose of managing systems of any nature with the feature of understanding, storing and processing information. lutfi zadeh 5 fundamental scientific theories.
LectureLutfi zadeh's 5 fundamental scientific theories lutfi zadeh is the author of 5 genius theories that laid the foundation of modern artificial intelligence, digital management and computer science: fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory (1965): instead of "0 or 1" (yes/no) in classical aristotelian logic, he introduced an infinite number of degrees of truth "between 0 and 1". this theory allowed computers to understand vague concepts like "hot", "cold", "almost", "about" like humans.
Topic learning outcomes
- 1. PLO a: fuzzy mathematics and system analysis (knowledge)outcome: the student has a deep understanding of the mathematical framework of fuzzy set theory, membership functions ($\mu_a(x)$) and fuzzy logic output systems (mamdani and sugeno models). it interprets the areas of application of the z-transformation method in signal processing at a scientific level.
- 2. PLO b: intelligent control and algorithm design (engineering application) result: the student designs fuzzy logic controllers. it programs and optimizes complex manufacturing processes, robotics systems or artificial intelligence algorithms with the principles of "word computing" and "soft computing".
- 3. PLO c: information security, ethics and scientific innovation (responsibility) conclusion: the student observes the standards of information security and ethics during the processing and management of big data. based on lutfi zadeh's legacy, he is responsible for leading the integration of modern artificial intelligence technologies into industry and managing scientific innovation.
2. Mode access, manual control. typical scheme of LNT and IS
LectureBrief EXPLANATION OF SUBJECTS BRIEF RESULT 3 PLO AND 3 LITERATURE GIVE PDF LINK
Open resource: Mode access, manual control. typical scheme of LNT and IS (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- 1. PLO a: dynamics of transition processes (knowledge) result: the student knows non-stationary states of technological objects, dynamic errors and transition characteristics that occur during access to the regime. explains the mathematical basis of "bumpless transfer" algorithms between manual and automatic control modes.
- 2. PLO b: design of control circuits (engineering application) result: the student prepares functional automation schemes (p&id - piping and instrumentation diagram) of industrial facilities. establishes information communication (via modbus, profibus) between local control points (lnt) and the central control system (is) and programs the controllers.
- 3. PLO c: industrial safety and functional risk management (liability) result: the student evaluates critical industrial risks, especially at the stage of access to the regime, designs emergency shutdown (esd - emergency shutdown) systems. it bears the legal responsibility of industrial safety regulations to prevent accidents caused by the human factor (operator errors in manual control). 📌 brief final conclusion
3. Brief development history of oil refining TP ais. a typical scheme of MIT and IS
Lecture🔬 brief explanation of the topic 1. brief development history of oil refining TP AIS the automation of oil refining technological processes (tp) has gone through 4 main historical stages: 1930-1950s (local mechanical era): control was carried out by hydraulic and mechanical regulators installed directly next to the apparatus. 1950-1970s (pneumatic and analog electronics): actuators were pneumatic ($0.2-1.0 \text{ bar}$) or with analog electrical signals ($4-20 \text{ ma}$) connected to large switches in central operator rooms.1970s-1990s (plc and DCS revolution): programmable logic controllers (plc) and distributed control systems (dcs) entered the industry. control has gone digital. from 2000s to today (smart industry - scada/iiot): field equipment has become "smart" (smart/hard) sensors. the systems were integrated at scada, MES and artificial intelligence (apc - advanced process control) levels.
Open resource: Brief development history of oil refining TP ais. a typical scheme of MIT and IS (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- 1. PLO a: industrial automation evolutionary strategy (knowledge) conclusion: the student knows the technological differences of transition stages from pneumatic control systems to digital DCS and APC systems. it interprets hierarchical management levels applied in oil refineries (within the isa-95 standard) on a scientific level.
- 2. PLO b: design of distributed control systems (dcs) (engineering application) result: the student builds typical functional schemes between central control center (ccp) and subsystems (is) for oil refinery tp. designs integrated SCADA and PLC architectures, configures intersystem network protocols (industrial ethernet, profinet).
- 3. PLO c: process risk management and cyber-security (liability) conclusion: the student applies SIL (safety integrity level) standards for automatic protection of critical and explosive processes in the oil industry. responsible for cyber security regulations (iec 62443) and HSE industrial safety regulations in a central management environment. 📌 brief final conclusion
4. Functional sequence of technological process management. three nodes of measuring device. measurement of technological parameters.
LectureFunctional sequence of technological process management the management process is executed in the form of a closed loop (contour), with a strict functional sequence: information reception (measurement): through sensors, technological parameters (temperature, pressure, level, consumption) are measured and converted into an electrical signal. data transmission and processing: the signal is transmitted to the central controller (plc). the controller compares the current value with the given task ($set\point$) value and calculates the error between.
Open resource: Functional sequence of technological process management. three nodes of measuring device. measurement of technological parameters. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- 1. PLO a: measurement techniques and operating principles of sensors (knowledge) result: the student perfectly knows the methods of measuring technological parameters, the functional status of 3 main nodes of measuring devices (sensitive, intermediate, output). it interprets the physical working principles of sensors (capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, optical) on a scientific level.
- 2. PLO b: integration of automation contours and measurement systems (engineering application) outcome: the student designs a functional control chain for industrial facilities. selects the correct transmitters according to the properties of the technological environment (aggressiveness, viscosity, explosion hazard), performs device calibration (zero and range adjustment) and integrates unified signal lines into PLC input-output ($i/o$) modules.
- 3. PLO c: metnological standards, calibration and quality assurance (responsibility) conclusion: the student calculates measurement uncertainty and organizes periodic metrological verification (calibration) of devices to maintain the integrity of measurements in industry. it bears legal responsibility for the honest operation of measuring devices within the framework of ISO 9001 (quality management) and industrial safety regulations.
5. Measurement of temperature, pressure, consumption, level and quality parameters
LectureThe following main parameters are measured in real time for the safe, optimal and quality control of processes in the facilities: temperature: it is measured by two main methods: contact: thermocouples (based on the thermo-e.h.c. generated by the joining of two different metals) and thermoresistances (for example, pt100 - based on the linear change of the electrical resistance of the metal as the temperature changes). non-contact: pyrometers (based on infrared heat radiation emitted by a substance). pressure: the force exerted by liquids or gases on pipe and tank walls. tensometric (change in resistance with mechanical stress), piezoelectric and capacitance sensors are used for measurements. absolute, excess and differential (pressure difference) pressures are monitored in the industry. consumption (flow): it is the amount of substance that passes through the pipe section in a unit time. electromagnetic (for conductive fluids), ultrasonic (difference in the speed of propagation of acoustic waves), vortex (vortex - the frequency of eddies around an obstacle) and differential pressure (through narrowing diaphragms) methods are popular.
Open resource: Measurement of temperature, pressure, consumption, level and quality parameters (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- 1. PLO a: physical basis of industrial measurement technologies (knowledge) result: the student has a deep understanding of the physical and chemical principles of temperature, pressure, consumption, level and quality parameter sensors. scientifically interprets the effects and sources of error of various aggressive, foaming, high-pressure or viscous industrial environments on measurement accuracy.
- 2. PLO b: selection, calibration and integration of sensor systems (engineering application) result: the student selects optimal sensors and transmitters according to the requirements of the technological regulation. adjusts the zero sheet ($zero$) and span ($span$) of measuring devices, integrates unified analog ($4-20\text{ ma}$) and digital (hart, profibus) signals into central plc/dcs control systems.
- 3. PLO c: metrological standards, quality assurance and industrial risk management (liability) result: the student performs periodic metrological verification (calibration) of devices to ensure compliance of industrial measurements with international standards (iso/iec). the analyst has direct engineering and legal responsibility for preventing process accidents and environmental waste through honest measurement of quality and industrial parameters.
6. Feedback. positive and negative feedback. regulation and management theory. basic provisions. transition process curve (start-up curve). time constant. delay time.
LectureBrief explanation of the topic 1. feedback theory feedback is the process by which the current information (result) at the output of the system affects the control signal by being transmitted to the input. there are two types: negative feedback: the output signal is subtracted from the input task signal (a difference/error is formed). all automatic regulation systems are based on negative feedback. for example, when the temperature rises, negative feedback turns off the heater and keeps the system stable. positive feedback: the output signal is added to the input signal. this exacerbates the internal biases of the system and makes it unstable (for example, the sound from the microphone bounces to the speaker and back to the microphone, creating a sharp hum).
Open resource: Feedback. positive and negative feedback. regulation and management theory. basic provisions. transition process curve (start-up curve). time constant. delay time. (opens in a new tab)7. Management process. manual control. automatic regulators. automatic control. types of regulators. m, MI and MID regulators.
LectureManagement and regulatory processes in chemical engineering are a fundamental area that ensures safe, quality and economically efficient operation of industrial enterprises. in modern production, technological parameters (temperature, pressure, consumption, concentration) are kept stable or changed according to a certain regularity through control systems. manual control: the operator adjusts the technological process by direct physical intervention (for example, turning a valve manually) based on visual or instrument indications. in modern industry, this method is used only in crash or installation modes.
Open resource: Management process. manual control. automatic regulators. automatic control. types of regulators. m, MI and MID regulators. (opens in a new tab)8. The structural scheme of the automatic regulator. regulatory laws of regulators.
LectureThe structural scheme of the automatic regulator and the topic of regulation laws form the core of the automation of chemical-technological processes. within this topic, the elements of the closed control circuit (feedback loop) and the information exchange between these elements are studied. automatic regulator structure diagram: a standard automatic regulator system consists of four main elements: object (process): controlled chemical process (eg reactor or distillation column). sensor/transmitter: it measures the technological parameter (temperature, consumption, etc.) and converts it into a signal.
Open resource: The structural scheme of the automatic regulator. regulatory laws of regulators. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- Plo 1: structural analysis and modeling skills definition: the student is able to build functional and structural schemes of automatic control systems (ats) based on their principle schemes, analyze the interaction of elements and determine their mathematical models (transfer functions).
- Plo 2: selection and synthesis of regulatory laws definition: the student has the competence to select, justify and integrate the appropriate control law (p, pi, pid) into the structure of the system according to the dynamic characteristics of the technological process and quality requirements (speed, accuracy, stability).
- Plo 3: parametric tuning and optimization of switching processes definition: the student is able to tune the coefficients of the selected tuning laws (using modern engineering methods (for example, the ziegler-nichols method) and software (matlab/simulink, etc.) and optimize the system by analyzing the switching process curves.