Industrial internet of things (iiot)Topics

The topic covers the impact of digitalization on the transformation of industrial systems, the conceptual foundations of the concepts of internet of things (iot) and industrial internet of things (iiot). the main components and functional characteristics of iot systems, distinguishing features of iiot systems and their application in industrial environments are explained. the main standards related to iiot and the role of this technology in the context of industry 4.0 are reviewed. the historical development stages of the industry 4.0 concept, its main technological pillars and its interaction with iiot are studied. also, the current state of application, experiences and development prospects of iiot and industry 4.0 technologies in azerbaijan are analyzed.

The topic covers sensors and measurement technologies used to acquire data from physical processes in industrial internet of things systems. the basic principles of the measurement process, the factors affecting the measurement quality and the role of metrology in industrial systems are explained. sensors are classified according to measured physical quantities, operating principles and output signals. the technical and functional characteristics of various types of sensors are reviewed. the principles of selecting a suitable sensor for a specific industrial application are also studied based on criteria such as accuracy, sensitivity, measurement range, response time and working environment.

The topic covers the role of actuators in cyber-physical systems and industrial process control. the concept of actuator, basic working principles and types of electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and other actuators are explained. the main technical characteristics of industrial actuators such as power, speed, accuracy, response time and working environment are reviewed. in control systems, based on the information received from sensors, actuators are controlled and mechanisms of influence on physical processes are studied. the communication, monitoring and remote control capabilities of smart actuators as well as their integration into iiot systems are also analyzed.

The topic covers embedded systems and microcontrollers, which are key computing and control components of industrial internet of things systems. the concept, structure and basic hardware components of embedded systems such as processor, memory, input-output interfaces are explained. working principles, software architecture and hardware-software interaction of these systems are reviewed. embedded systems are classified according to their functional characteristics, application areas and performance requirements, and various embedded system architectures are studied. also, the structure, main functions and role of microcontrollers in building sensor and actuator based iiot systems are analyzed.

The topic covers the main approaches, languages ​​and platforms used for programming iot and iiot systems. the programming languages ​​used in the development of iot applications and their application features are reviewed. the concept of firmware, its role in managing hardware components of embedded systems and its interaction with software are explained. the principles of programming sensors, actuators and other devices are studied using arduino and raspberry pi platforms. security requirements and principles of secure software development during iot software development are also analyzed.

The topic covers the main communication technologies that provide inter-device data exchange in iot and iiot systems. working principles and application features of rfid, nfc, bluetooth low energy (ble), wi-fi backscatter and gprs/gsm mobile networks are reviewed within the framework of wireless communication technologies. the structure of wireless sensor networks, their main components and their role in transmitting sensor data are explained. the main features and areas of use of uart/usart, spi, i2c, USB and ethernet interfaces from wired communication technologies are studied. emphasis is placed on the principles of selecting different communication technologies in terms of transmission distance, energy consumption, data transfer rate, and application environment.

The topic covers the main communication protocols used in iot and iiot systems at the channel and network/internet levels. the role of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in low-power wireless networks, ipv6 and 6lowpan technologies to enable ip-based communication in resource-constrained iot devices is explained. the RPL protocol's principles of routing in low-power and lossy networks are reviewed, as well as the network architecture and application characteristics of thread, zigbee, and zigbee IP technologies. the possibilities of wireless communication with low energy consumption of z-wave technology are studied. the use of lora and lorawan technologies in long-range, low-power iot and iiot applications is also analyzed.

The topic covers the main communication protocols used in iot and iiot systems at the transport and application layers. the principle of connectionless data transmission of the UDP protocol and its application in resource-limited iot systems are explained. the architecture, communication models, and key features of MQTT and coap protocols for low-power devices are reviewed. the possibilities of message exchange and intersystem communication of AMQP and XMPP protocols are studied. it also analyzes the secure messaging features of the SMQTT protocol and the main criteria that influence the selection of these protocols in various iot and iiot applications.

The topic covers the concept of edge computing and its role in data processing in iot and iiot systems. the limitations of cloud computing in terms of latency, dependency on network connectivity, and the transfer of large volumes of data are explained, as well as the role of the edge computing approach in overcoming these limitations. edge computing architecture, its interaction with iot devices, and the principles of processing data close to the source are reviewed. real-time data stream processing and the application of machine learning models in edge environments are studied. also, the technical challenges, security risks and future development prospects of this technology are analyzed.

The topic covers the integration of cloud computing and internet of things technologies and the key features of cloud-based iot platforms. the interaction between the cloud and iot systems, the principles of transferring, storing and processing data from devices to the cloud environment are explained. the key components of a cloud-based iot architecture and the capabilities of various iot platforms for device management, data processing, monitoring, and analytics are reviewed. the basic functions of these platforms and their usage characteristics in various iot and iiot applications are studied. data privacy, access control, secure communication and other key security issues in cloud-based iot systems are also analyzed.

The topic covers the basic concepts of cyber security in iiot systems, requirements and principles of protection of industrial environments. major security vulnerabilities present in iiot devices, sensors, actuators, communication networks, and connected systems are reviewed. the security of iot devices and communication channels is explained, as well as the main cyberattacks targeting iiot systems and their impact on industrial processes. basic security mechanisms such as authentication, access control, encryption, network segmentation, monitoring, and incident detection are studied. also, the main industrial cyber security standards used in securing iiot systems and their application principles are analyzed.

The topic covers the main stages of designing and developing industrial internet of things applications. iiot applications used in the manufacturing and energy sectors and their role in industrial process monitoring, control and optimization are reviewed. the principles of integrating key components such as sensor, actuator, communication technology and iot platform into a single iiot application are explained. the selection of the application scenario suitable for a specific industrial problem and the determination of system requirements are studied. also, attention is paid to the preparation of the initial project approach and the basic architectural structure of the application based on the selected scenario.

The topic covers the consulting process for planning and designing iot and iiot projects that students will develop. the appropriateness of the project topic, scope and specification of the problem to be solved are reviewed. the choice of system architecture, sensors and actuators, communication technologies and protocols, programming tools and iot platforms are discussed for the selected project. development stages of the project and directions for the organization of interaction between components are defined. also, the structure of the project presentation, demonstration of technical results and evaluation criteria are explained.