Operating systemsTopics

In this topic, students get acquainted with the basic concepts, definition and classification of software. the concept of operating system, its role and main functions in the computer system are explained in detail. classification of operating systems according to various criteria, areas of use and characteristics of different types are also presented.

Əməliyyat sistemləri windows əməliyyat sistemlərinin əsas komponentləri, arxitekturası, fayl sistemi, istifadəçi və qrup idarəetməsi, proseslər, xidmətlər, sistem resursları və sistem konfiqurasiyası araşdırılır. windows mühitində təhlükəsizlik mexanizmləri, girişə nəzarət, təhlükəsizlik siyasətləri, hadisə jurnalları və sistemin monitorinqi haqqında məlumat verilir.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the purpose, functions and areas of use of network operating systems. the origin, architecture and main features of unix and gnu/linux operating systems are explained. the role of the linux kernel (kernel), popular linux distributions, and the widely used kali linux distribution in the field of information security are given. it also provides important command-line commands for file system, user management, and system administration in the linux operating system.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the concept of file system, its structure and role in the operating system. the concept of file, file structures and characteristics of different file system types are explained. the main tasks of the operating system on file management, the principles of creating, storing, organizing and managing access to files and folders are presented. also, the hierarchical structure of the file system, the directory structure and the rules for organizing files are reviewed in detail.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the concept of process in operating systems and the principles of process management. the main components of the process, creation and management operations, as well as stages of the life cycle of the process (creation, running, waiting, termination) are explained in detail. inter-process communication (ipc) mechanisms and the role of CPU scheduler in process scheduling are also presented.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the concept of thread, its differences from the process, and the principles of multithreading in modern operating systems. advantages and challenges of multicore programming, basic types of parallel processing, multithreading models, and functions of thread libraries are explained. also, thread management mechanisms and their features in windows and linux operating systems are presented in a comparative manner.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the principles of process and thread synchronization in operating systems. the purpose of synchronization, the critical section problem, and methods of providing secure access to shared resources are explained. the working principles of semaphores, mutexes, monitors, and other synchronization mechanisms, as well as classic synchronization problems such as producer-consumer, readers-writers, and philosophers' dinners are presented on the basis of examples.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the concept of deadlock in operating systems, its causes and its effect on the system's operation. necessary conditions for the occurrence of deadlock, its detection, prevention, avoidance and removal methods are explained in detail. also, the main approaches used for the analysis of deadlock cases during resource management and their resolution are presented.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the principles of memory management in operating systems and the efficient use of memory resources. types of memory, concepts of physical and virtual memory, functions of the operating system in memory management are explained. also, memory allocation algorithms, swapping, segmentation, and paging mechanisms' operating principles, advantages, and limitations are presented in detail.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the basic concepts of virtualization technologies and their application in modern information systems. the purpose, advantages and main types of virtualization are explained. also, the working principles of virtual machines and containers, their differences and areas of use, as well as the architecture and features of type-1 and type-2 hypervisors are presented in a comparative manner.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the main features, architecture and areas of use of mobile operating systems. types of mobile operating systems, their functional capabilities, security features and principles of resource management are explained. it also provides general information about the development trends of modern operating systems, integration with cloud-based services, virtualization, containerization, artificial intelligence support and security-oriented innovations.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the structure and working principles of input-output (i/o) systems in operating systems. giriş-çıxış aparat təminatının əsas komponentləri, giriş-çıxış qurğularının təsnifatı və onların əməliyyat sistemi ilə qarşılıqlı əlaqəsi izah edilir. həmçinin giriş-çıxış əməliyyatlarının idarə olunması, qurğu sürücülərinin (device drivers) rolu və müasir giriş-çıxış sistemlərinin əsas xüsusiyyətləri təqdim olunur.

In this topic, students get acquainted with the principles of ensuring security in operating systems and the main defense mechanisms. security requirements for operating systems, threats that exist at the system and network level, as well as methods to prevent these threats are explained. user identification and authentication mechanisms, encryption methods, access control principles, and the role of firewall technologies in system protection are also presented in detail.