Həyat fəaliyyətinin təhlükəsizliyinin ..Topics

Concept of medical-biological bases of life activity. the main tasks of the subject "medical-biological bases of life activity". medical-biological aspects of safety in everyday life and workplaces.

The human nervous system, the destructive effect of the nervous system on the human body, damage to the human internal organs, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. external and internal factors that cause anxiety.

Physiology of analyzers. understanding of sense organs. classification of sense organs and receptors. morpho-functional description of receptors. coding of information in the nervous system. adaptation of receptors. chemical sensitivity. types of chemoreception. senses of smell and taste. olfactory organs and sense of smell. taste organs and sense of taste. the feeling of pain. skin sensation. lamis (tactile) receptors. thermoreceptors of the skin. central mechanisms of lamis and temperature sensations. balance (vestibular) sensory system. muscle sensation (proprioception). muscle receptors.

Physiology of analyzers, sense organs, sensors

Working conditions in terms of ergonomics. compatibility of jobs. the term ergonomics. ergonomics as a science of adaptation of duties, workplaces and labor objects, as well as devices and devices and their software to the physical and psychological state of the worker, safe and efficient activity. compatibility of workplaces. degree of complexity and difficulty. types according to the frequency of performed operations. four parts of the scope of work according to the sphere of influence on the person. a subcategory of jobs

Information about dangerous and harmful production factors. physical factors. chemical factors. biological factors. psycho-physiological factors. classification of workplaces with heavy and stressful conditions according to the types of toxic and dangerous factors. changes in the body of those who work in conditions higher than hygienic norms according to the degree of harmful working conditions

Information about industrial injuries, occupational diseases. accident causes, registration analysis and learning methods. dangerous and harmful production factors. analysis of trauma and morbidity. the variety of occupational diseases and determination of their causes.

Concepts of injury, accident and occupational disease. analysis of traumatism in production.

The topic of industrial toxicology and the main stages of its development. impact on facilities, populations and ecosystems. tasks of toxicology, research area. toxicology as a science that studies the interaction of toxic substances with the body. history of toxicology. stages of development of toxicology

Toxic and harmful substances, their effects on the human body. objectives of industrial toxicology, parameters of toximetry

Objectives of industrial toxicology, parameters of toximetry and toxicity criteria of industrial poisons. the diverse, wide-ranging goals of industrial toxicology. evaluation of substances and materials from a toxicological point of view and their hygienic regulation, determination of the limit of permissible concentration (bqh). hygienic standardization of industrial toxicology. practical goals of toxicology

Understanding of harmful substances and their classification. general properties and main manifestations of industrial poisons. classification of industrial substances according to their effects on the body. 4 large groups of volatile industrial substances. asphyxiating substances. irritating substances. volatile psychoactive substances. inorganic and metallic compounds.

Dependence between the concentration (dose) of the poison, its duration of action and the resulting effect. when a poisonous substance enters the body through the respiratory tract, the concentration of the poison, the duration of its effect and the amount of the resulting effect depend on gaber's formula. 2 main groups of poisons. concentration poisons. chronoconcentration poisons. "capacity" of the body

Acute and chronic poisoning. acute occupational poisoning. acute poisonings resulting in death. hazard ratio of sudden acute inhalation poisoning. chronic poisoning. boundary thickness.

Accumulation and habituation. types of cumulation. material accumulation. functional cumulation. ratio to single dose. do not get used to industrial poisons. the body's reaction during habituation to the chronic effect of a chemical factor.

Rules, standards and instructions on labor protection. concept of safe management. legislation of the republic of azerbaijan on labor protection. labor protection in the constitution and labor code of the republic of azerbaijan. other normative legal acts and documents. safety instructions and their types.

Rules, standards and instructions on labor protection. hygienic-technical and sanitary norms in the planning of production enterprises

Hygienic-technical and sanitary norms in the planning of production enterprises. construction norms and rules. technological design norms. sanitary norms in the design of industrial enterprises. constructive norms. size-planning norms. parametric norms. four groups according to sanitary characteristics of processes in production facilities. stages of planning.

Medical-biological characteristics of physical factors affecting the human body. meteorological conditions in production. impact of weather conditions in the workplace on employees and the work process. impact factors of meteorological conditions at workplaces. methods of determining meteorological conditions, normalization and standards for creating healthy working conditions.

Meteorological conditions in production and its standardization

Ventilation systems. adjustable natural ventilation. unregulated natural ventilation. suction, blower and combined exchanger mechanical ventilation. local ventilation

Electrical safety. electrical injuries, electrical burns, electrical marks, skin metallization, mechanical injuries. 4 categories of electrical injuries. the electrical resistance of the human body and the degree of influence of the intensity of the electric current

Determining the effect of electric danger on a person and choosing the necessary measures for electrical safety.

Safety of operation of hermetic systems under pressure. various devices working under pressure or under vacuum conditions, hermetically sealed pipelines, cylinders, vessels for liquefied gases, tanks, tanks, autoclaves, receivers, compressor units, steam boilers, gas holders, vacuum tubes, reactors working under high pressure or vacuum conditions.

- noise and vibration. noise frequencies and phases. functional disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular system. sound field. mean square value of sound pressure on hearing organs. sound frequency. types of sound according to frequency, infrasounds, audible sounds, ultrasounds. audible sound range, low frequency sounds, medium frequency sounds, high frequency sounds. hygienic and technical standardization of production vibrations. general vibrations, their effect. effects of local vibrations on muscle and bone tissues. vibration disease

Protection from electromagnetic, infrared, ultraviolet radiations. frequency, wavelength, speed, power flow density, voltage of electric and magnetic fields. radiation sources. changes in the human body as a result of the effect of ionizing radiation.

Determining the effect of radiation on the human body. calculation of radiation protection measures

Protection from ionizing radiation. basic principles of protection against external gamma radiation. changes in the human body as a result of the effect of ionizing radiation. internal and external radiation. critical organs depending on radiosensitivity. system of measures for protection of workers from radiation

Understanding the combustion process. incendiary properties of substances. chemical composition of combustible substances and materials. physical and chemical properties of combustible substances and materials. ignition temperature. groups of combustible substances according to ignition temperature. self-igniting substances.

Fire damage. selection of fire fighting measures

The human body's ability to adapt to external environmental factors in the context of the safety of life activities. biological, physiological and psychological adaptation mechanisms. methods of maintaining the body's homeostasis (internal environment stability) during extreme and harmful external influences (high/low temperature, atmospheric pressure changes, noise, vibration, toxic substances, radiation and psychological stress). independent research and assessment of adaptation potential.

The concept of dehydration and the main biological and exogenous (external) causes of its formation. effect of high temperature, heavy physical labor and microclimatic conditions on water-salt balance. pathological effects of dehydration on the human body, blood-vascular, nervous and excretory (excretory) systems, principles of reduced work capacity. technical, organizational and medical-prophylactic protective measures applied to prevent dehydration in the production environment (hot workshops, open air conditions, etc.). standards for the organization of the drinking water regime according to the principles of rationality.

The concept of hypoxia (lack of oxygen in the body), the causes of its occurrence at the cellular and tissue level. pathophysiological types of hypoxia (exogenous, respiratory, blood, cardiovascular, tissue and mixed hypoxia). effects of oxygen starvation on the central nervous system, brain activity, heart and other vital organs, mechanisms of work capacity impairment. risks of hypoxia in the production environment (closed and narrow spaces, underground mines, high-altitude conditions, areas where toxic gases are released). technical (ventilation, air environment control sensors), organizational and personal protective measures (respirators, gas masks) applied to protect workers from oxygen deficiency in working conditions.

This topic you submit should focus on developing the student's individual research and analysis skills according to the free work format. options for the description and topic results that you can include in your documents are as follows: 1. description of the topic (scope) "concepts of hyperthermia (overheating of the body) and hypothermia (excessive cooling of the body), mechanisms of their pathophysiological formation. exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) factors that affect the violation of the human thermoregulation (body temperature regulation) system. hot (casting, ironing shops, work in the open sun) and cold (refrigerating chambers, outdoor activity in winter) effects on the human body, cardiovascular, central nervous and respiratory systems; technical (ventilation, heaters, shielding) and personal protective equipment (special clothing) applied to protect workers from extreme temperatures.

Concept of biological monitoring, its different features from environmental and work zone monitoring. principles of biological monitoring, biological markers (exposure, effect and sensitivity markers) and their evaluation. determination and application methods of toxic substances, heavy metals and other harmful chemical factors in the human body (blood, urine, saliva, hair, etc. biological materials). the main fields of application of biological monitoring (industrial toxicology, prevention of occupational diseases, ecology). the role of biological monitoring in ensuring the safety of human activity, early diagnosis and establishing safe working conditions.

Conceptual bases and fundamental principles of safety and preventive measures in industrial enterprises (elimination of danger, risk assessment, superiority of collective protection over individual protection). types of preventive measures: technical-technological (automation, blocking systems), organizational (instructions, work mode), sanitary-hygienic (ventilation, lighting) and medical-preventive (medical examinations) measures. different areas of application of these principles (production, construction, chemical industry, transport and closed work zones). the strategic importance of prevention in ensuring the safety of life activities and managing occupational risks.

Industrial risks arising during manual lifting and transportation of loads without mechanized means. loads on the musculoskeletal system (spine, muscles) during manual transportation and the formation mechanism of occupational diseases (ruptures, traumas). maximum and optimal weight norms of loads that can be carried by hand according to age and gender factors (national and international ilo/osha standards). methodologies for calculating optimal load (taking into account distance, lifting frequency and height). necessary safety measures, proper lifting techniques and personal protective equipment in manual handling operations.

The concept of human metabolism, its fundamental biochemical and physiological bases. two main complementary branches of substance and energy metabolism: anabolism (processes of growth, cell regeneration and synthesis) and catabolism (breakdown of substances to obtain energy). the role of metabolism in the safety of human life activity: production of energy (atf) at the cellular level, maintenance of homeostasis (internal environment stability) and removal of toxic elements from the body. factors affecting metabolic rate (age, gender, physical activity, working conditions and nutrition). pathologies caused by metabolic disorders and principles of maintaining metabolic balance for healthy life activities.

The role of the human central and peripheral nervous system in the safety of life activity and sensitivity to external environmental factors. classification of factors that have a negative effect on the nervous system: physical (intense noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation), chemical (neurotoxic substances, heavy metals, carbon monoxide, solvents) and psychophysiological (neuro-psychic tension, chronic stress, monotonous work, shift work mode). the pathological effects of these factors on nerve cells, reflexes, attention and reaction speed, and the mechanisms by which this increases the risk of industrial accidents. technical (noise and vibration isolation, hermetic), organizational (ergonomic work mode, psychological evacuation rooms) and medical-preventive protection methods applied to protect the nervous system of workers.

Conceptual basis of autoimmune diseases: the mechanism by which the immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells and tissues as foreign bodies. causes include genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and exogenous (external environmental) triggers. specific factors that trigger autoimmune reactions in the industrial environment: heavy metals (mercury, lead), chemical solvents, silica dust, some pesticides and chronic work stress. the effect of widespread autoimmune pathologies (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, hashimoto's thyroiditis) on the human body and general working capacity. protection of workers in the risk group in production and labor conditions, minimization of contact with harmful chemicals, ergonomic work routine and preventive medical control measures.