Labor EconomicsMövzu planı

Labor as an economic category. Labor as a factor of production. Psycho-physiological foundations of labor. The human model. Types of labor. Characteristics of labor. Functions of labor. Forms of labor. Quality of labor and its reduction. Division of labor and labor cooperation. Mental labor and physical labor. Principles of labor activity. Labor resources. Workforce (labor force). Labor potential.

Reproduction of labor resources. Economically active and economically inactive population. Forecasting of labor resources. Management of labor resources. Allocation (distribution) of labor resources. Management of labor resources. Demographic policy. Demographic security. Population migration. Types of migration. Forms of migration. Causes of migration. The impact of migration processes on the reproduction of labor resources.

Personnel policy in the modern era. Human capital. Human capital as a new economic form of the labor factor. The problem of young people’s career choice. Workforce (personnel) marketing. Basic concepts of the labor market. Characteristics of the labor market. Functions of the labor market. Segments of the labor market. Demand and supply in the labor market. Objects and subjects of the labor market. Types of labor markets. Principles of labor market functioning. Models of the labor market. Flexibility of the labor market. Regulation of the labor market.

Analysis of the workforce. Education and specialization of the workforce. Regional characteristics of the workforce. Employment problems of the workforce. State policy on employment. Structure of employment. Principles of population employment. Hidden forms of employment. Scientific and technological progress and the redistribution of the workforce. Jobs and their value. Job fair. Labor exchange (employment exchange). Unemployment and its forms. Criteria for the unemployment rate.

Income and wages. Non-labor incomes. Formation and distribution of incomes. Population expenditures and their structure. Standard of living of the population. Population needs and their satisfaction. Income inequality among the population. Family economics. Family budget: incomes and expenditures. Labor relations. Rights and duties of employees. Social protection and labor legislation. Social insurance and social security systems.

The socio-economic essence of wages. Basic principles of wage organization. Nominal and real wages. Real wage index. Minimum wage. The essence of wages. Main functions of wages. Organization of wages and its basic principles. Forms and types of wages. Elements of remuneration. Wage determination. Classification of the wage fund. Planning of the remuneration (wage) fund. Labor standardization. Tariff system.

Basic and additional wages. Calculation of wages. Gross and net wages. Piece-rate wage system. Time-based wage system. Fixed wages. Hourly wages. Progressive wages. Tariff salaries. Bonuses and incentives. Tariff wage system. Tariff scale. Direct and indirect wage systems. Accord (task-based) piece-rate wages. Wages of managers, specialists, and employees.

Stimulation as an important factor of labor activity. Organization of labor stimulation. Types of stimulation. Material and moral incentives. Improvement of employees’ skills. The impact of increasing employees’ knowledge on productivity. Requirements for the organization of stimulation. The incentive effect of wages. Modern approaches to labor stimulation in enterprises.

Indicators of labor productivity. Forms of labor productivity. Individual and social productivity. Factors influencing labor productivity. Measurement of labor productivity. Ways to increase labor productivity. Efficient use of resources. Productive power of labor and labor intensity. The impact of scientific and technological progress on labor productivity. Technology and innovations. Digital tools and software. Employees’ knowledge and skills.

Employees’ labor behavior in an enterprise. Economic behavior in labor activity. The essence and types of work adaptation. Factors of work adaptation. Level of work adaptation. Types of work adaptation. Stages of work adaptation. Proper selection of employees. Forms of labor behavior. The adaptation process in work adjustment. Improvement of the physical and psychological environment. Workplace. Employee training and development process. Management of the work adaptation process.

Composition and structure of employees in an enterprise. Employees’ education level, knowledge, and skills. Social environment. Creation of a healthy work environment. Motivation and support provided to employees. Management methods. Level of labor discipline. Increasing employee motivation. Integration. Establishing cooperation and teamwork among employees. Impact of employees’ personal achievements on productivity. Internal rules and regulations of the enterprise. Monitoring the state of labor discipline.

Working time norms according to labor legislation. Regulation of working hours. Standard working hours. Time-based and piece-rate working hours. Flexible working hours. Night shifts and overtime. Full-time and shortened workdays. Shift work regime. Rest days. Vacation days. Official holidays. Working conditions of employees. Protection of employees’ health. Protection of employees’ rights. Duties of employees. Compliance with labor legislation. Comfortable and motivating work environment. Activities of the Trade Union Committee in the enterprise. Cultural and moral rest of employees. Social oversight in enterprises.

Needs and labor activity. Increasing employee motivation. The role of motivation in the labor activity process. A. Maslow’s theory of motivation. Functions of motivation. Motive and motivation. Management of labor motivation. Employees’ material motivation. Wages and employee rewards. Social benefits and insurance. Employees’ moral (non-material) motivation. Recognition and appreciation of employees’ achievements. Cooperation and teamwork. Development and career opportunities.

The essence and content of labor organization. Organization of workplaces. Division of labor and labor cooperation in the enterprise. Basic principles of labor organization. Management style in the enterprise. Scientific organization of labor. Tasks and directions of scientific labor organization. Training and specialization of employees. The impact of new equipment and technologies on scientific labor organization. Automation and robotization.