Fundamentals of NetworkingMövzu planı

This topic covers the fundamental concepts of computer networks and the operating principles of TCP/IP-based networks. The organization of network communication, the transmission of data over networks, and the interaction between protocols are examined. The layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models, the main functions of each layer, and the protocols used at different layers are explained. The structure, layers, and practical applications of the OSI and TCP/IP models are also examined comparatively.

This topic covers the fundamental concepts, terminology, and operating principles of Ethernet-based local area networks. The main components used in Ethernet LANs, transmission media, and data transmission principles are examined. The structure of Ethernet frames, MAC addressing, and the main characteristics of data exchange between network devices are explained. The architecture and physical and logical structure of Ethernet LANs, as well as the role of Ethernet technology in organizing local area networks, are also examined.

This topic covers the architecture, structure, and operating principles of Wide Area Networks (WANs). The interconnection of geographically distributed networks, the main components of WAN infrastructures, and the principles of data transmission between different networks are examined. The main characteristics of the IPv4 protocol, IP addressing, and the concept of routing are explained. Routing tables, forwarding packets toward their destination networks, and the principles of determining routes in WAN environments are also examined.

This topic covers the fundamentals of the Command-Line Interface (CLI) used to configure and manage Cisco network devices. The structure of the CLI environment, its main operating modes, and the principles of entering commands are examined. Methods of accessing network devices through console and remote connections, as well as techniques for checking and managing basic device parameters, are explained. The main approaches to creating, saving, and verifying configurations through the CLI are also examined.

This topic covers switching principles in Ethernet local area networks and the process of data transmission. The mechanisms by which network switches receive, process, and forward Ethernet frames to destination devices are examined. The structure of Ethernet frames and the role of source and destination MAC addresses in data transmission are explained. The formation of MAC address tables, MAC address learning by switches, and the principles of forwarding Ethernet frames are also examined.

This topic covers the concept, purpose, and role of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) in network segmentation. The principles of logically dividing a physical network infrastructure into separate networks, grouping devices belonging to different VLANs, and separating broadcast domains are examined. VLAN trunking, which enables the transmission of traffic belonging to multiple VLANs between switches, and the tagging of Ethernet frames with VLAN information are explained. The creation of VLANs on Cisco network devices, assignment of ports to appropriate VLANs, and configuration of trunk connections are also examined.

This topic covers the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), which are used to prevent loops in switched networks. The causes of network loops and their impact on problems such as broadcast storms, duplicate frames, and MAC address table instability are examined. The selection of the root bridge in STP, port roles and port states, and the principles of managing redundant network paths are explained. The faster convergence characteristics of RSTP compared with STP are examined. EtherChannel technology, which combines multiple physical connections into a single logical channel, and its interaction with STP are also discussed.

This topic covers the fundamental principles of IPv4 addressing and the role of IP addresses in network communication. The structure of IPv4 addresses, network and host portions, and the main characteristics of address ranges are examined. The concept of subnet masks, their role in identifying the network and host portions of an IP address, and their application are explained. The principles of dividing networks into smaller subnets, determining the subnet address, broadcast address, and usable host address range are also examined.

This topic covers the fundamental principles of routing in IPv4 networks and the role of Cisco routers in forwarding packets between different networks. The formation of routing tables, identification of destination networks, and the process of forwarding packets toward the appropriate destination are examined. The concepts, main characteristics, and application differences of static and dynamic routing are explained. Inter-VLAN routing approaches used to provide communication between different VLANs and their application in network infrastructures are also examined.

This topic covers the fundamental concepts and operating principles of OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), one of the dynamic routing protocols. The link-state routing approach of OSPF, the establishment of neighbor relationships, and the exchange of topology information are examined. The formation of an OSPF topology, creation of the link-state database, and calculation of shortest paths are explained. The mechanisms for route selection and updating routes in response to network changes are also examined.

This topic covers the principles of configuring OSPF on Cisco network devices and verifying its operational status. OSPF process activation, router ID configuration, inclusion of networks in the OSPF process, and assignment to appropriate areas are examined. The formation of OSPF neighbor relationships and the exchange of routing information are explained. Methods for verifying OSPF configuration, neighbor status, and learned routes using appropriate Cisco CLI commands, as well as approaches for identifying potential configuration problems, are also examined.

This topic covers the concept, purpose, and fundamental characteristics of IPv6 addressing. The structure and notation of IPv6 addresses, as well as address shortening principles, are examined. The main types and classifications of IPv6 addresses and the role of prefix length in determining network and interface portions are explained. The principles of subnetting IPv6 networks, determining appropriate prefixes, and efficiently organizing the IPv6 address space are also examined.

This topic covers the fundamental principles of routing in IPv6 networks and the process of forwarding packets between different networks. The principles of creating IPv6 routes, forming routing tables, and selecting the most appropriate route to the destination network are examined. The concepts, main characteristics, and application differences of static and dynamic IPv6 routing are explained. The forwarding of IPv6 packets through routers and the management of routing information in response to changes in network topology are also examined.

This topic covers the fundamental principles, architecture, and topologies of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The main network components used in WLAN environments, methods for connecting devices to wireless networks, and principles of organizing data exchange are examined. IEEE 802.11 standards, their main characteristics, and their functions in wireless network communication are explained. Data transmission through radio waves, frequency bands, channels, and the main factors affecting the quality of wireless communication are also examined.

This topic covers the principles of deploying, centrally managing, and monitoring wireless networks. The integration of wireless access points into networks, WLAN creation, and management of user connections are examined. The concept and role of Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) technology and its use for centralized management of multiple wireless access points are explained. The configuration, monitoring, and implementation of basic management operations for wireless networks through a WLC are also examined.