MicroeconomicsTopics

General characteristics of the role and importance of economic theory in social life. the evolution of economists' views on the "essential" concept of economic thought. the interaction of economic theory with other sciences. economic policy. the roots of economic thought: teachings of ancient world thinkers. the first important economic schools of world civilization. the main directions of modern economic thought. contributions of world scientists to economic science. various economic schools about economic theory. methodology of economic theory and its specificity. levels of economic research in economic theory. economic categories and laws. basic economic concepts. human models in economic theory. teachings on the environment of human life activity. economic systems of society: concept, content, classification.

Main forms of public economy and their models. commodity (market) economy. multiple definitions of the market. evolution of views on the market. market economy. the essence of the market: functions and role in the economic system. classification of the market. market structure and multi-criteria nature of the system. the essence, formation and main elements of market infrastructure. stock exchanges and their role in the market economy.

Commodity and its properties. k. marx's teaching on the dual nature of labor embodied in a commodity. value, valuableness, utility. labor theory of value and theory of marginal utility. the essence of money, its concepts and functions. the law of money circulation. monetary systems.

Characteristics of the market mechanism and the basic laws of the market. the law of demand and the law of decreasing demand. elasticity of demand. the law of supply and the law of change in supply. elasticity of supply. market equilibrium. the law of demand and supply.

The essence of economic institutions and their role in the market economy system. property as an economic and legal category. theories of property. types and forms of property in the modern economy. denationalization and privatization. experience of foreign countries.

Equilibrium price, demand price and supply price. a. marshall's price theory. determination of equilibrium price in the short and long term. spider web theorem. price formation in the theory of k. marx. state regulation of prices in a market economy. the impact of taxes on the price level. distribution of tax burden.

Competition: concept and types. efficiency of competitive markets. monopoly and oligopoly. market dominance. antitrust regulation.

The main factors of production. dependence of production growth on the use of factors of production. theory of factor incomes and their functional distribution.

Production costs: accounting and economic approaches. production costs in the short run. fixed costs. variable costs. total costs. marginal costs. production costs in the long run. production costs and scale effects. isocost. minimization of production costs.

Capital and capital investments (investments). the movement of investment resources of the enterprise: capital circulation. capital turnover. fixed and working capital. discounting as a method of evaluating investment projects.

Traditional theory of the firm: profit maximization. total revenue. marginal revenue. managerial theory of the firm: sales revenue maximization. profit maximization growth maximization theory. behavioral theories of the firm: multiple-goal theories.

Risk theory. consumer behavior and utility of goods. cardinalist theory of consumer behavior. efficient choice of the consumer under uncertainty and risk. ordinalist theory of consumer behavior. income effect and substitution effect according to j. hicks and y. slutsky. consumer choice based on the analysis of the characteristics of product elements. the essence and causes of economic risks. types of losses. structure of losses and their causes. risk indicator and methods of its assessment. risk curve. risk management methods.

Models of market structures. perfectly competitive market model. demand, supply and income of a competitive firm. firm equilibrium in the short run. conditions for maximizing firm income. firm and industry supply in the long run. perfect competition and social efficiency. firm behavior in conditions of monopolistic competition. firm behavior in conditions of oligopoly. bargaining models. oligopoly models: lack of bargaining. monopoly and its modern model. firm behavior in conditions of pure monopoly. equilibrium of a monopoly firm in the short and long run. price discrimination. monopoly and society.

Demand and supply in the market of factors of production. equilibrium of firms in the market of factors of production. price of labor and labor. features of price formation in the labor market under conditions of perfect competition.

Capital: traditional and modern interpretations. features of price training in the capital market. land and land rent. features of price formation in the land market.