Bərk cisim fizikasıSyllabus

Subject code

İF2437y

Credits

6

Student workload

180

Semester

Autumn semester

Academic year

2025-2026

Subject type

Mandatory

Form of education

Full-time

Language of instruction

Azerbaijani

In-class hours

a) mühazirə -30, məşgələ -30

Out-of-class hours

a)TSİ120 saat, b) MRTS-60 saat

“ mühəndis fizikası” ixtisası üzrə bakalavr pilləsində təhsil alan tələbələrdə materialların növləri , onların struktur, quruluşu və xassələri, materialların foto və istilik xassələri, materialların və nanomaterialların tədqiqat üsulları, yeni elektron cihazların iş prinipini, xassələrini, üstünlüklərini və tətbiq sahələri haqqında ətraflı bilik verməkdən ibarətdir.

• lecture
• seminar
• interactive discussion
• presentations

No learning outcomes have been added.

1. 1.
   1. introduction. basics of band theory of solids, features of the band structure of semiconductors, classification of solids according to band theory, specific semiconductors, doped semiconductors, donor and acceptor dopants, doped energy levelsLecture

   This section presents the basics of band theory of solids, properties of the band structure of semiconductors, and classification of solids based on band theory. the electrical properties of intrinsic and doped semiconductors, the role of donor and acceptor dopants, and the effect of dopant energy levels on conductivity are also explained.

2. 2.
   .the subject of solid state physics. structure and symmetry of crystals condensed state of matter. single crystals. polycrystalsLecture

   In this section, the study subject of solid state physics, the main properties of the condensed state of matter, the internal structure of crystals and symmetry elements are explained. also, structural differences of monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials, their influence on physical properties and technical application fields are considered.

3. 3.
   Energy diagram of a solid.Lecture

   The energy diagram of a solid shows the distribution of energy levels of electrons in a solid. energy levels of individual atoms become energy bands as a result of interaction. the main bands are the valence band and the conduction band. the energy difference between these bands is called the band gap.

4. 4.
   Electrical properties of solids and y\k.Lecture

   Electrical properties of solids and y\k.

5. 5.
   Ideal gas rupture conditionLecture

   In this section, the condition of degeneracy of an ideal gas, its causes, and the role of quantum effects at low temperature and high density are explained. differences between classical and quantum gases are also considered.

6. 6.
   Fermi–dirac distribution functionLecture

   In this section, the fermi–dirac distribution function, the regularity of the distribution of electron energy levels, and the effect of temperature on this distribution are explained. the physical meaning of the fermi level is also explained.

7. 7.
   Covalent and metallic bondsLecture

   In this section, the mechanism of formation of covalent and metallic bonds, their electronic structure and effect on the physical properties of substances are explained. also, the main differences between these two types of communication are compared.

8. 8.
   Pushing forces. comparative analysis of communications. crystal defectsLecture

   This section explains the causes of interatomic repulsive forces, the comparative properties of different bond types, and the point, line, and surface defects found in crystal structures. the effect of defects on the physical properties of materials is also considered.

9. 9.
   Topic 23. repetition and finalization of program materials held on the subjectLecture

   During this topic, the theoretical knowledge and practical skills learned throughout the semester are systematized, summarized and strengthened. students demonstrate their acquired knowledge and skills through communicative tasks, case studies, presentations, projects and discussions. in preparation for the final assessment, the main topics are repeated and an integrative approach is applied.

10. 10.
    Crystal lattice dynamics. heat capacity of solidsLecture

    Crystal lattice dynamics studies the thermally induced oscillations of atoms and ions in solids around their equilibrium state. these oscillations are described by phonons and play an important role in the formation of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and other thermal properties of solids.

11. 11.
    Thermal expansion of solidsLecture

    Thermal expansion of solids is the phenomenon of an increase in the size of the body as a result of the increase in interatomic distances when the temperature increases. this process is related to the increase in the thermal energy of atoms and the strengthening of their oscillations in the crystal lattice. expansion can occur linearly, superficially, and volumetrically.

12. 12.
    Energy spectrum. thermal conductivity of metals and semiconductorsLecture

    In solids, the energy spectrum characterizes the allowed energy levels and energy zones of electrons. the energy difference between the valence and conduction bands determines the electrical and thermal properties of the material. since metals and semiconductors transfer heat by different mechanisms, their thermal conductivity properties also differ.

13. 13.
    Superconductivity. the discovery of superconductivityLecture

    Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which, below a certain critical temperature, the electrical resistance of some materials drops to zero and the magnetic field is removed from within itself (meissner effect). this phenomenon was first discovered in 1911 and is considered one of the most important achievements of solid state physics.

14. 14.
    Discovery of high temperature superconductivity.Lecture

    High-temperature superconductivity was discovered in 1986 in ceramic-based copper oxide (cuprate) compounds. these materials differ from classical superconductors in that they exhibit superconductivity at or near liquid nitrogen temperature and are more suitable for practical applications.

15. 15.
    Basics of bardin-cooper-shriffer quantum theoryLecture

    The bardin–cooper–schriffer (bcs) quantum theory, developed in 1957, was the first successful theory to explain the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity. according to this theory, electrons at low temperatures interact through oscillations (phonons) of the crystal lattice to form cooper pairs. since these pairs move without resistance, electric current flows without energy loss.

16. 16.
    Josephson contact (diode). stationary josephson effectLecture

    A josephson contact (diode) is a structure resulting from the separation of two superconductors by a very thin insulator layer. in this contact, electron pairs (cooper pairs) can cross the barrier due to quantum tunneling. stationary josephson effect is the phenomenon of constant current flowing without loss up to a certain critical value, even when no voltage is applied to the contact.

17. 17.
    , classification of solids according to band theory, intrinsic semiconductors, doped semiconductors, donor and acceptor dopants, additive energy levels.Seminar

    In this seminar, the classification of solids as conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics according to the band theory, the properties of intrinsic and additive semiconductors, the effect of donor and acceptor additives on the electronic structure, as well as the generation of additive energy levels and their role in the formation of electrical conductivity are studied.

18. 18.
    Financial relations. state budget and taxesSeminar

    The necessity and functions of finance. financial system. state budget. budget deficit: causes and adjustment. nature, types and functions of taxes.

19. 19.
    The subject of physics of solid bodies. crystalline lattice. structure of crystalsSeminar

    In this lesson, the subject of physics of solids, the concept of a crystal lattice and the main features of the structure of crystals are studied. the elements of the crystal lattice, crystal systems, orderly arrangement of atoms in space and the effect of the crystal structure on the physical properties of solids are considered.

20. 20.
    Crystal cage. straight and inverted cagesSeminar

    In this lesson, the concept of a crystal lattice, its main elements, the structure and properties of straight (real) and inverted (reciprocal) lattices are studied. the periodic arrangement of atoms in space is explained in the straight lattice, and the diffraction and wave properties of the crystal are described in the inverted lattice. applications of these concepts in crystallography and solid state physics are reviewed.

21. 21.
    Thermal properties of solidsSeminar

    In this lesson, the main thermal properties of solids are studied, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. oscillations of the crystal lattice (phonons) and their role in thermal processes are explained, as well as the effect of temperature on the thermal properties of materials.

22. 22.
    Mechanical properties of solidsSeminar

    In this lesson, the main mechanical properties of solids - elasticity, plasticity, strength, hardness, brittleness and deformation processes are studied. the effect of mechanical loading on the crystal structure and the factors determining the mechanical behavior of materials are explained.

23. 23.
    Electrical properties of solidsSeminar

    In this lesson, the electrical properties of solids, electrical conductivity, specific resistance, the movement of charge carriers and the effect of electric fields on materials are studied. the relationship between the band structure and electrical properties of materials is explained, as well as the properties of conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics.

24. 24.
    Physical properties of dielectricsSeminar

    In this lesson, the physical properties of dielectrics, electric polarization, dielectric permeability, dielectric losses and behavior in an electric field are studied. the characteristics of different types of dielectrics and their application in electronics and electrical engineering are explained.

25. 25.
    Optical properties of solidsSeminar

    In this lesson, the optical properties of solids, the interaction of light with matter, absorption, reflection, refraction, dispersion and luminescence phenomena are studied. the influence of the zonal structure of materials on optical properties and the fields of application of optical materials are explained.

26. 26.
    Thermoelectric properties of a solid bodySeminar

    The thermoelectric properties of a solid are characterized by the fact that the temperature difference creates an electric voltage and the electric current causes heat exchange. these properties are explained by the zebeck, peltier and thomson effects and are mainly observed more clearly in semiconductors.

27. 27.
    Defects in crystals. types of defectsSeminar

    Defects in crystals are disturbances from the ideal structure of the crystal lattice. defects affect the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the material. the main types are point defects (vacancy, dopant atom), line defects (dislocations), surface defects (grain boundaries) and volume defects.

28. 28.
    Superconductivity. superconducting materials. ceramic materials. josephsen effect.Seminar

    Superconductivity is a phenomenon characterized by the reduction of electrical resistance to zero below a critical temperature in some materials and the displacement of the magnetic field from the material. superconducting materials include metals, alloys, and high-temperature ceramic-based superconductors. ceramic superconductors are widely used in practical applications because they can operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures. the josephson effect is the phenomenon of the current passing without resistance along the contact where two superconductors are separated by a thin insulator layer.

29. 29.
    Discovery of high-temperature superconductivity. their analysisSeminar

    High-temperature superconductivity was discovered in 1986 in ceramic-based copper oxide materials. these materials exhibit superconductivity at a higher critical temperature than conventional superconductors. their analysis is based on the study of crystal structure, critical temperature, electrical and magnetic properties.

30. 30.
    Basics of bardin-cooper-shriffer quantum theorySeminar

    The bardin–cooper–shriffer (bcs) quantum theory explains the superconductivity as a result of electrons forming cooper pairs under the influence of phonons. these pairs move without resistance in the crystal lattice, and as a result, the electrical resistance drops to zero. BCS theory is the fundamental quantum theory that explains the basic mechanism of superconductivity.

31. 31.
    Josephson contact (diode). stationary josephson effectSeminar

    A josephson contact (diode) consists of two superconductors separated by a thin insulator layer. in this structure, the cooper pairs of electrons cross the insulator through tunneling and generate current. the steady-state josephson effect is the phenomenon of a steady superconducting current flowing across a contact without an external voltage applied.

1. 1. askerov b.m. theory of solids. baku, 2001.
2. Kittel ch. introduction to solid body physics. moscow: nauka, 1978, 791 p.
3. Pashayev a.m., aliyeva m.kh. solid state physics. baku: çaşıoğlu, 2008, - 238 p.
4. . mahmudov m.m. elective problems of solid state physics. baku: "baku university" publishing house, 2012, - 372
5. Zinenko v.i., sorokin b.p., turchin p.p. fundamentals of solid body physics. moscow: fizmatlit, 2006, - 336 с.
6. Serova f.g., yankina a.a. collection of problems in theoretical physics. moscow: просвещение, 1988, - 192 с.