Subject · Safety of life activities
Yanma və partlayış nəzəriyyəsiTopics
Topic plan
The subject's topics and the learning outcomes attached to each one.
1. 5. the mechanism of the combustion process. type of burn.
LectureThe mechanism of the combustion process combustion is a physico-chemical process in which heat and light are released as a result of the reaction of a combustible substance with oxygen. three main conditions are necessary for combustion to occur: flammable substance; oxygen (air); ignition source (heat, spark or flame). combustion stops when one of these three conditions is removed. types of burning complete combustion – occurs when there is enough oxygen, more heat is released and less smoke is produced. incomplete combustion - occurs when there is little oxygen, smoke and toxic gases (e.g. carbon monoxide) are produced. rapid combustion is a normal combustion process with a flame. explosive combustion is combustion accompanied by a large energy release in a very short time.
Open resource: 5. the mechanism of the combustion process. type of burn. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- It explains the mechanism of the combustion process. lists the necessary conditions for combustion to occur. distinguish between complete and incomplete combustion. explains the types of burning with examples. explains basic safety rules for fire prevention.
2. 1. the concept of combustion and the concept of fire
Lecture"theory of combustion and explosion" subject consists of instilling the knowledge and skills necessary for formation of continuous knowledge of fire and explosion management and the characteristics of combustion and explosion, standards for prevention of combustion and explosion.
Open resource: 1. the concept of combustion and the concept of fire (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- It distinguishes that combustion is a process with the release of heat and light as a result of the substance's reaction with oxygen, that it is a combustion process that is out of control and creates a danger to human life, property and the environment, that not every combustion is a fire, and fire is an uncontrolled combustion process.
3. 2. fire classification and parameters.
LectureMassive, volume, single, firestorm fires in open areas.
Open resource: 2. fire classification and parameters. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- Differentiates different fire classes (a, b, c, d, f, etc.). it explains indicators such as fire temperature, rate of spread, flame strength and smoke. it justifies which fire is more dangerous and why. determines when to use a water, foam, powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher for various fires. acts correctly during a fire, assesses the danger and takes appropriate measures.
4. 3. physico-chemical basis of combustion.
LectureThe essence of the combustion process, the conditions for the occurrence of combustion, the stages of the combustion process are discussed.
Open resource: 3. physico-chemical basis of combustion. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- It explains how combustion occurs and that it is a physico-chemical process. knows the importance of fuel, oxygen and ignition source. compares complete and incomplete combustion. it explains processes such as the separation of heat and light and the formation of new substances.
5. 4. fuel combustion product.
LectureDefines the definition of combustion products, information about products resulting from complete and incomplete combustion, distinguishes the main types of combustion products and their effect.
Open resource: 4. fuel combustion product. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can differentiate between complete and incomplete fuel combustion products; can explain the causes of the formation of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor; can draw up equations of combustion reactions; can calculate the composition of combustion products; can analyze the effect of combustion conditions on the formation of products; can assess the impact of flue gases on the environment; can explain methods of cleaning combustion products; able to apply the principles of efficient and environmentally safe use of fuel.
6. 6. fire hazard indicators of substances.
LectureThe main indicators used to assess the fire hazard of substances are explained. it is taught that fire hazard indicators are parameters that determine the ignition and burning properties of substances.
Open resource: 6. fire hazard indicators of substances. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, he learns which substance burns faster or is more dangerous, under which conditions the substance ignites, which substance is more dangerous, the rules of proper storage and use of substances, and safety rules to prevent the danger of fire.
7. 7. ignition and self-ignition temperature.
LectureThe essence of the ignition temperature, the reason why the lowest temperature at which the substance ignites under the influence of an external flame or spark source is the ignition temperature is explained, the role of the ignition temperature in the assessment of fire danger, the fact that an external ignition source is required at the ignition temperature, and such a source is not needed at the self-ignition temperature.
Open resource: 7. ignition and self-ignition temperature. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the concept of ignition temperature; can explain the nature of auto-ignition temperature; can determine the difference between ignition and ignition temperature; can analyze temperature characteristics of combustible substances; can explain the factors affecting the flammability of substances; able to assess fire hazard conditions; can determine safety measures when working with flammable substances; can use temperature indicators in the practical application areas of combustion processes.
8. 8. temperature limits of ignition (explosion).
LectureIn order for ignition to occur, the substance must reach a certain temperature and conditions, the role of temperature limits in the assessment of fire and explosion danger, the lower and upper flammability limit, the effect of temperature on ignition, and the fact that flammable gas, vapor and dust can cause an explosion when mixed with air in a certain ratio are explained.
Open resource: 8. temperature limits of ignition (explosion). (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- Explains ignition temperature limits. distinguish between lower and upper flammability limits. determines the conditions under which flammable substances can ignite. explains the effect of temperature on fire and explosion. lists factors that create an explosion hazard.
9. 9. fire hazard of solids.
LectureThe understanding of solid substances, the dependence of the fire hazard of solid substances on the composition, dryness and surface area of the burning rate, and the factors affecting the fire hazard are studied.
Open resource: 9. fire hazard of solids. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the concept of fire hazard of solids; can determine the characteristics of the combustion process of solids; can compare the degree of danger of different solid combustible materials; can analyze factors affecting combustion and ignition; able to identify dangerous products during fire; can explain the safety rules during the storage and use of solids; can choose fire protection measures; can carry out fire hazard assessment in production.
10. 10. heat pulses of ignition.
LectureClassification of production in terms of fire and explosion hazard. combustion and spontaneous combustion
Open resource: 10. heat pulses of ignition. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the concept of thermal impulse; can determine the role of heat in the ignition process; can explain the main types of heat transfer; can analyze the effect of heat pulses on combustible substances; can identify heat sources that cause ignition; able to use heat factor in fire hazard assessment; can choose methods of protection against heat effects; can apply fire safety measures.
11. 11. classification of explosions.
LectureInformation about the explosion. categories of explosives, volume and point explosion
Open resource: 11. classification of explosions. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the concept of explosion and its causes; can identify the main classification of explosions; can explain the difference between chemical and physical explosions; can analyze the characteristics of gas, vapor and dust explosions; is able to determine the factors that cause the danger of explosion; is able to assess the dangerous effects caused by an explosion; can explain explosion safety measures in production; can select protective measures during dangerous processes.
12. 12. burning of metals and structures
LectureNon-combustible, hard-burning and combustible materials. refractoriness.
Open resource: 12. burning of metals and structures (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the characteristics of the combustion process of metals; can compare the fire hazard of different metals; can explain the processes resulting from the interaction of metal with oxygen; can analyze the effect of high temperature on metal structures; able to evaluate changes in strength of constructions; can determine fire protection methods of metal constructions; can justify the selection of metal materials in terms of fire safety; able to apply the principles of safe operation of metal constructions in production and construction areas.
13. 13. the basis of fire prevention and fire extinguishing.
LectureClassification of fire extinguishing agents. fire extinguishing methods.
Open resource: 13. the basis of fire prevention and fire extinguishing. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the main goals and principles of fire prevention; can determine the factors that cause fire; can choose fire hazard prevention measures; can explain the principles of fire extinguishing; can determine the areas of application of different fire extinguishing means; can distinguish between fire classes and appropriate extinguishing methods; can explain the rules of using primary fire extinguishers; can apply fire safety measures in production and household.
14. 14. protection of the building from indoor gas, steam and dust explosion.
LecturePossible explosions inside the building, mitigation and warning measures
Open resource: 14. protection of the building from indoor gas, steam and dust explosion. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: can explain the causes of gas, steam and dust explosions; able to determine the properties of explosive mixtures; able to assess explosion hazard zones; can explain explosion protection measures in buildings; can explain the role of ventilation systems in safety; can identify methods of preventing gas leaks and dust accumulation; can choose protective constructive measures; able to apply explosion safety requirements in industrial buildings.
15. 15. transfer of urgent fluids.
LectureRules and means of fire-extinguishing. transfer of liquids with their own flow. fire fighting rules and tools.
Open resource: 15. transfer of urgent fluids. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- At the end of the lecture, the student: is able to explain the main properties of volatile liquids; is able to identify the hazards that arise during the transfer of liquids; can assess fire and explosion risks; can explain the principles of safe operation of pipelines and pumping systems; can identify measures to protect against static electricity; can apply safety rules when working with flammable liquids; can explain the measures to be taken in case of accidents and leaks; able to make correct decisions in ensuring fire safety in production processes.
16. Free work is indicated in the syllabus and students prepare a presentation of topics corresponding to the serial number
Independent workDuring independent work, students investigate the essence of the given topic, analyze the main concepts, collect scientific and technical data and systematize the obtained results. in the process of work, students develop the skills of analytical thinking, information search, analysis and drawing conclusions.
Open resource: Free work is indicated in the syllabus and students prepare a presentation of topics corresponding to the serial number (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- As a result of independent work, the student: can conduct independent research on a given topic; acquires the ability to collect and systematize scientific and technical information; can explain the main concepts and laws on the subject; can effectively use different sources of information; is able to draw conclusions by analyzing the obtained data; can connect theoretical knowledge with practical issues; develops the ability to prepare a presentation and written report; forms the ability of independent decision-making and analytical thinking.
17. In the training classes on the theory of combustion and explosion, the amount of oxygen used for combustion and the amount of ash generated during oil are calculated.
SeminarThe purpose of these exercises is to learn the theoretical basis of combustion processes, to master the methods of calculating the amount of oxygen required during combustion and the amount of products resulting from the process, including ash. during the exercise, based on the equations of combustion reactions, the issues of determining oxygen consumption, the required amount of air, the volume and mass of combustion products are solved. the processes during the combustion of combustible components (carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, etc.) in the fuel composition and their impact on calculations are investigated.
Open resource: In the training classes on the theory of combustion and explosion, the amount of oxygen used for combustion and the amount of ash generated during oil are calculated. (opens in a new tab)Topic learning outcomes
- As a result of studying the subject, the student: can explain the main regularities of the combustion process; can calculate oxygen consumption for combustion reactions; can determine the theoretical and actual required amount of air; can calculate the composition and amount of combustion products; can determine the amount of ash based on the fuel composition; can draw up the material balance of combustion processes; can evaluate the efficiency of the process by analyzing the calculation results; able to apply theoretical knowledge in solving technical issues related to combustion processes.