Operating SystemsMövzu planı

This topic introduces students to the fundamental concepts, purpose, and classification of software. The concept of an operating system, its role in a computer system, and its main functions are explained in detail. The topic also covers the classification of operating systems according to different criteria, their areas of application, and the characteristics of different operating system types.

This topic covers the main components and architecture of Windows operating systems, file systems, user and group management, processes, services, system resources, and system configuration. Security mechanisms in the Windows environment, access control, security policies, event logs, and system monitoring are also discussed.

In this topic, students are introduced to the purpose, functions, and application areas of network operating systems. The origins, architecture, and main characteristics of Unix and GNU/Linux operating systems are explained. The role of the Linux kernel, popular Linux distributions, and Kali Linux, which is widely used in the field of information security, are discussed. In addition, the Linux file system, user management, and essential command-line commands for system administration are introduced.

In this topic, students are introduced to the concept of a file system, its structure, and its role in an operating system. The concept of files, file structures, and the characteristics of different types of file systems are explained. The main responsibilities of an operating system in file management, as well as the principles of creating, storing, organizing, and controlling access to files and directories, are presented. The hierarchical structure of file systems, directory structures, and the principles of file organization are also examined in detail.

In this topic, students are introduced to the concept of processes in operating systems and the principles of process management. The main components of a process, process creation and management operations, and the stages of the process life cycle (creation, running, waiting, and termination) are explained in detail. Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms and the role of the CPU Scheduler in process scheduling are also presented.

In this topic, students are introduced to the concept of threads, their differences from processes, and the principles of multithreaded programming in modern operating systems. The advantages and challenges of multicore programming, the main types of parallel processing, multithreading models, and the functions of thread libraries are explained. In addition, thread management mechanisms in Windows and Linux operating systems and their characteristics are presented comparatively.

In this topic, students are introduced to the principles of process and thread synchronization in operating systems. The purpose of synchronization, the critical section problem, and methods for ensuring secure access to shared resources are explained. The operating principles of semaphores, mutexes, monitors, and other synchronization mechanisms are presented. Classical synchronization problems, such as the producer-consumer, readers-writers, and dining philosophers problems, are also discussed through practical examples.

In this topic, students are introduced to the concept of deadlocks in operating systems, their causes, and their impact on system operation. The necessary conditions for deadlock occurrence, as well as methods for deadlock detection, prevention, avoidance, and recovery, are explained in detail. In addition, deadlock situations in resource management and the main approaches used to analyze and resolve them are presented.

In this topic, students are introduced to the principles of memory management in operating systems and the efficient utilization of memory resources. Different types of memory, the concepts of physical and virtual memory, and the functions of the operating system in memory management are explained. In addition, memory allocation algorithms and the operating principles, advantages, and limitations of swapping, segmentation, and paging mechanisms are presented in detail.

In this topic, students are introduced to the fundamental concepts of virtualization technologies and their applications in modern information systems. The purpose, advantages, and main types of virtualization are explained. The operating principles of virtual machines and containers, their differences and application areas, as well as the architecture and characteristics of Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisors, are presented comparatively.

In this topic, students are introduced to the main characteristics, architectures, and application areas of mobile operating systems. The types of mobile operating systems, their functional capabilities, security features, and resource management principles are explained. An overview of modern operating system development trends is also provided, including integration with cloud-based services, virtualization, containerization, artificial intelligence support, and security-oriented innovations.

In this topic, students are introduced to the structure and operating principles of input/output (I/O) systems in operating systems. The main components of I/O hardware, the classification of I/O devices, and their interaction with the operating system are explained. In addition, I/O operation management, the role of device drivers, and the main characteristics of modern I/O systems are presented.

In this topic, students are introduced to the principles of ensuring security in operating systems and the main protection mechanisms. Security requirements for operating systems, threats at the system and network levels, and methods for mitigating these threats are explained. In addition, user identification and authentication mechanisms, encryption methods, access control principles, and the role of firewall technologies in protecting systems are presented in detail.